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Documents for "Central Asian History":
  • Afghanistan War 1978-92, conflict between anti-Communist Muslim Afghan guerrillas (mujahidin) and Afghan government and Soviet forces. The conflict had its origins in the 1978 coup that overthrew Afghan president...
  • Basmachi revolt against Communist rule in Central Asia by Muslims and bandits, 1917-30. The Basmachi fought a guerrilla war against the Red Army, leading uprisings in the Fergana and Pamir regions...
  • Bukhara, emirate of former state, central Asia, in Turkistan , in the Amu Darya River basin. Part of ancient Sogdiana , it was ruled (AD 709-874) by the Umayyad Arabs and played an important role under the Samanid dynasties (875-1000). It was a trade, transport, and cultural center of the Islamic world. The Seljuk...
  • Khazars ancient Turkic people who appeared in Transcaucasia in the 2d cent. AD and subsequently settled in the lower Volga region. They emerged as a force in the 7th cent. and rose to great power. The Khazar empire extended (8th-10th cent.) from the...
  • Khiva, khanate of former state of central Asia, based on the Khiva (Khwarazm or Khorezm) oasis along the Amu Darya River. The khanate lay S of the Aral Sea and included large areas of the Kyzyl Kum and Kara Kum...
  • Khwarazm or Khorezm , ancient and medieval state of central Asia, situated in and around the basin of the lower Amu Darya River; now a region, NW Uzbekistan. Khwarazm is one of the oldest centers of civilization in...
  • Merv ancient city, in Turkmenistan, in a large oasis of the Kara Kum desert, on the Murgab River. The city, known in antiquity as Margiana, or Antiochia Margiana, was founded in the 3d cent. BC on the...
  • Urgench ancient city of central Asia, on the site of present-day Kunya-Urgench (Köhne Ürgenç), in Turkmenistan. It lies c.85 mi (140 km) NW of modern Urganch , Uzbekistan. A major trade and craft center from the 10th to 13th cent., Urgench became the capital of the khanate of Khwarazm in the 12th cent. The city was destroyed by the Mongols in the early 13th cent., partially rebuilt, and finally abandoned in the 16th cent. Ruins of an 11th-century minaret and mosque, mausoleums,...

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