Documents for "Russian and Eastern European Literature":

• Acmeists school of Russian poets started in 1912 by Sergei M. Gorodetsky and Nikolai Stepanovich Gumilev as a reaction against the mysticism of the symbolists. The school aspired to concreteness of imagery...

• Bohemian literature see Czech literature.

• Bulgarian literature For early ecclesiastical writings, see Church Slavonic. Modern Bulgarian literature stems from the work of Father Paisi, who in 1762 began his history of the Slav Bulgarians. The period of struggle for independence (1840-75) saw the real emergence of a...

• byliny [Rus.,=what has happened], Russian scholarly term first applied in the 1840s to a great body of narrative and heroic poems. They are called by the folk stariny [Rus.,=what is old]. Most byliny are loosely connected with historical events dating from the 11th to the 16th cent., particularly the era of the tatar yoke and have been handed down by word of mouth by folk reciters. The poems...

• Czech literature literary works that constitute part of the Czech culture and, except for some early compositions written in liturgical languages, is in the Czech language.

• Hungarian literature Until the 19th cent. Latin was Hungary's literary language. The Funeral Oration (c.1230) is the oldest surviving work in Magyar; some 14th and 15th cent. chronicles also exist. The Reformation prompted various translations of the Bible. The poets Bálint Balassa (late 16th...

• Polish literature the literary works of Poland.

• Russian literature literary works mainly produced in the historic area of Russia, written in its earliest days in Church Slavonic and after the 17th cent. in the Russian language.

• Serbian literature see Yugoslav (South Slav) Literature.

• Slovak literature The earliest documents written in the Slovak language date from the 15th cent. Following the Czech Hussite movement, many Czech cultural leaders emigrated to Slovakia (16th cent.); Czech was used...

• socialist realism Soviet artistic and literary doctrine. The role of literature and art in Soviet society was redefined in 1932 when the newly created Union of Soviet Writers proclaimed socialist realism as...

• stariny see byliny.

• Ukrainian literature literary writings in the Ukrainian language.

• Yugoslav literature literature written in Serbo-Croatian, Slovenian, and, especially after World War II, Macedonian languages. The Serbian and Croatian literary languages are similar and generally mutually...