Documents for "Australian, New Zealand, and Pacific Islands History: Biographies":

• Barton, Sir Edmund 1849-1920, Australian jurist and statesman. He was a leader in the movement for Australian federation, and became the first prime minister of the Commonwealth of Australia in 1901. He was knighted...

• Bolger, James 1935-, New Zealand political leader. A sheep rancher, he entered Parliament in 1972 as a member of the National party. In Robert Muldoon's government, he served as minister of fisheries (1977-78),...

• Bruce of Melbourne, Stanley Melbourne Bruce, Viscount see Bruce, Stanley Melbourne.

• Bruce, Stanley Melbourne 1883-1967, Australian political leader. Educated at Cambridge, he was called to the bar (1906) in England. After service in World War I, he entered the commonwealth legislature in 1918, was...

• Burke, Robert O'Hara 1820-61, Irish explorer of Australia. After service in the Belgian and Austrian armies he went (1853) as inspector of police to Melbourne. In 1860, with W. J. Wills and eight other whites, he left...

• Clark, Helen 1950-, New Zealand politician, prime minister (1999-), b. Hamilton, N.Z. A graduate of the Univ. of Auckland (B.A., 1971; M.A., 1974), she taught political science there (1973-81). In 1981 she was...

• Cook, Sir Joseph 1860-1947, Australian statesman, b. England. A leader of the Free Trade party, he served as prime minister (1913-14) and later as minister of the navy (1917-21) and high commissioner to London...

• Curtin, John 1885-1945, Australian political leader. A labor union secretary, he edited (1917-28) a labor weekly and was later a member of the lower house—from 1928 to 1941, except for three years. He became...

• Deakin, Alfred 1856-1919, Australian political leader. He held office in various ministries and aided in the fight for federation of the Australian states. He accomplished a great deal in social legislation,...

• Evatt, Herbert Vere 1894-1965, Australian statesman. He became (1940) a Labor member of the House of Representatives, before being appointed (1941) attorney general and then minister of foreign affairs. During World...

• Fisher, Andrew 1862-1928, Australian statesman. He emigrated from Scotland to Australia in 1885, helped organize the Australian Labour party, and served three times as Labour prime minister of Australia (1908-9,...

• Forrest, John Forrest, 1st Baron 1847-1918, Australian explorer and statesman. In 1869 he led an expedition to the west of Lake Barlee in search of the missing Friedrich Leichhardt , and the following year he returned from Perth along the Great Bight to Adelaide. After other explorations he became surveyor general of Western Australia (1883) and its first premier (1890-1901)...

• Fraser, Malcolm (John Malcolm Fraser), 1930-, Australian political leader and prime minister (1975-83). A graduate of Oxford (1952), he entered the Australian parliament as a Liberal member in 1955. Under a...

• Fraser, Peter 1884-1950, New Zealand political leader, b. Scotland. He emigrated to New Zealand in 1910. Previously active in Labour politics in London, he was elected to Parliament in 1918, becoming Labour...

• Gorton, Sir John Grey 1911-2002, Australian political leader, b. Melbourne. A fighter pilot in World War II, he was elected to the senate as a Liberal in 1949. He held a number of cabinet posts in the Liberal-County...

• Grey, Sir George 1812-98, British colonial administrator. He explored the Swan River district in NW Australia (1838) and later was governor of South Australia (1841-45) and of New Zealand (1845-53). As governor of...

• Hawke, Bob (Robert James Lee Hawke), 1929-, Australian statesman. A Rhodes Scholar at Oxford, he gained a reputation as a skillful labor mediator during his tenure at the Australian Council of Trade Unions,...

• Holt, Harold Edward 1908-67, Australian political leader. After studying law, he entered politics and became associated with Robert Gordon Menzies. He held a number of cabinet offices in Menzies's governments and was minister of labor and national service (1949-58), minister of immigration (1949-56), and treasurer (1958-66) in Menzies's...

• Holyoake, Sir Keith Jacka 1904-83, New Zealand statesman. A farmer, he was active in agricultural organizations in the 1930s and 40s. He entered Parliament in 1932. A member of the National party, he became deputy leader...

• Howard, John Winston 1939-, Australian political leader and prime minister (1996-), b. Sydney. A graduate of Sydney Univ., a conservative lawyer, and a member of the Liberal party, he was elected to parliament in 1974...

• Hughes, William Morris 1862-1952, Australian statesman, b. England. He emigrated in 1884 and after a varied career entered the New South Wales legislature (1894) and, with confederation, the first federal Parliament...

• Isaacs, Sir Isaac Alfred 1855-1948, Australian jurist and political leader. He sat in the colonial legislature (1892-1901), became solicitor general (1893), and served as attorney general (1894-99, 1900-1901). He was a...

• Keating, Paul 1944-, Australian politician. A trade-union official and member of the Labor party, he was first elected to parliament in 1969. As federal treasurer (treasury minister) from 1983 to 1991 and deputy...

• Kirk, Norman Eric 1923-74, New Zealand political leader. A Labour party member, he rose in New Zealand politics, entering Parliament in 1957, and becoming vice president (1963) and then president (1964) of the Labor...

• Lange, David Russell 1942-2005, New Zealand politician. After receiving his law degree (LL.M., 1970) he fought for the rights of the underprivileged in Auckland, and was elected to the House of Representatives as a...

• Lyons, Joseph Aloysius 1879-1939, Australian statesman, b. Tasmania. He left schoolteaching in 1909 to enter political life, was a Labour member of the Tasmanian House of Assembly until 1929, and was premier of...

• Macquarie, Lachlan 1761-1824, governor (1809-21) of the British colonies in Australia. Sent to replace the corrupt rule of the officers of the original convict guard, he established a sensible and humane...

• Mara, Ratu Sir Kamisese 1920-2004, Fijian political leader. A paramount chief of the Lau Islands, he was educated in Fiji, New Zealand, and England, founded (1960) the Alliance party, and helped negotiate Fiji's...

• Menzies, Sir Robert Gordon 1894-1978, Australian statesman. A barrister, Menzies was elected to the Australian House of Representatives in 1934 and was attorney general (1935-39) in Joseph A. Lyon's government. Upon Lyon's...

• Muldoon, Sir Robert David 1921-92, New Zealand political leader, prime minister (1975-84). Originally a public accountant, he entered parliament in 1960 as a member of the conservative National party and served (1967-72) as...

• Parkes, Sir Henry 1815-96, Australian political leader, b. England. He emigrated to Australia in 1839 and later founded a newspaper, the Empire, to advocate responsible government and an end to the transporting of criminals to Australia. He served (1854-61) in the legislative council and then in the assembly of New South Wales. Returning...

• Stuart, John McDouall 1815-66, Scottish explorer in Australia. He emigrated (1838) to S Australia; there, as a draftsman, he joined Charles Sturt's expedition (1844-45) to central Australia. Between 1858 and 1862 he led...

• Sturt, Charles 1795-1869, English explorer and administrator in Australia, b. India. In 1827 he arrived in Sydney with a detachment of the British army. While in command of an expedition (1828-29) to find the...

• Torrens, Sir Robert Richard 1814-84, Australian statesman, b. Ireland. Son of Col. Robert Torrens (1780-1864), one of the founders of South Australia, he went to that colony in 1839. There he served (1851-55) in the colonial...

• Wentworth, William Charles 1793?-1872, Australian statesman. His exploration (1813) of the Blue Mts. in Australia revealed vast pasturelands in the western part of the continent. In 1816 he went to Great Britain to study...

• Whitlam, Gough 1916-, Australian political leader. Edward Gough Whitlam studied law and entered practice near Sydney after serving in World War II. A member of the Labour party, he was elected to Parliament in...