Documents for "Botany: Biographies":

• Banks, Sir Joseph 1743-1820, British naturalist and patron of the sciences. He accompanied Capt. James Cook on his voyage around the world and made large collections of biological specimens, most of which were...

• Bauhin, Gaspard 1560-1624, Swiss botanist and doctor of medicine, of French descent. His early classification of plants by genus and species in his chief work, the Pinax theatri botanici (1623), anticipated the binomial...

• Cronquist, Arthur C. 1919-92, American systematic botanist. He was the author of two introductory botanical textbooks, with Henry Allan Gleason : The Natural Geography of Plants (1964) and the Manual of Vascular Plants...

• Darwin, Sir Francis 1848-1925, English botanist, assistant to his father, Charles Robert Darwin. He lectured in botany at Cambridge and was foreign secretary of the Royal Society and president of the British Association....

• De Bary, Heinrich Anton 1831-88, German botanist. He was professor at the universities of Freiburg in Breisgau (1855-66) and Halle (1867-72) and first rector of the Univ. of Strasbourg (from 1872). An authority on plant...

• de Candolle, Augustin Pyrame 1778-1841, Swiss botanist. Considered the most important Swiss botanist of his era, de Candolle wrote on a wide variety of botanical topics, from medical botany to philosophical treatises on plant...

• de Vries, Hugo 1848-1935, Dutch botanist. He opened a new approach to the study of evolution by using the experimental method to investigate the processes of evolution. His study of discontinuous variations,...

• Dillenius, Johann Jakob 1687-1747, English botanist, of German birth. He published catalogs of the plants of Eltham, Kent, and of Geissen, Germany, and a work on mosses that placed him in the first rank among botanists...

• Douglas, David 1798-1834, Scottish botanist. He made several journeys in North America between 1823 and 1834 to study American plants and sent to Scotland more than 200 plants and seeds then unknown in Europe...

• East, Edward Murray 1879-1938, American biologist, b. Du Quoin, Ill., grad. Univ. of Illinois (B.S., 1900; Ph.D., 1907). He served the agricultural experiment stations at the Univ. of Illinois and in Connecticut, and...

• Eichler, August Wilhelm 1839-87, German botanist. He worked out the symmetry of the parts of a flower and developed a system of plant classification which, after later work on it by Adolf Engler, was widely adopted by...

• Engelmann, George 1809-84, American physician and botanist, b. Frankfurt-am-Main, Germany, educated at the universities of Heidelberg and Würzburg (M.D., 1831). Emigrating to America in 1832, he settled in St...

• Engler, Adolf 1844-1930, German botanist. He emphasized the importance of geological history in the study of plant geography, and worked out an influential system of plant classification. A professor at the...

• Fairchild, David Grandison 1869-1954, American botanist and agricultural explorer, b. East Lansing, Mich. He entered the service of the U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, where he organized (1895) and later (1906-28) was in charge...

• Farlow, William Gilson 1844-1919, American botanist, b. Boston, grad. Harvard, 1866. His chief contributions were made in the study of cryptogamic and parasitic plants. Many eminent botanists received their training in...

• Fernald, Merritt Lyndon 1873-1950, American botanist, b. Orono, Maine, grad. Harvard, 1897. He taught at Harvard (1902-49) and was director of the Gray Herbarium there from 1937. Fernald was the editor (with Benjamin L...

• Fortune, Robert 1813-80, British botanist. He traveled in Asia for the Royal Horticultural Society and later for the East India Company and brought back to England a number of chrysanthemums, the Japanese anemone,...

• Fries, Elias Magnus 1794-1878, Swedish botanist. He taught (1834-59) at the Univ. of Uppsala. Fries originated the modern classification of fungi and lichens. His works include Systema mycologicum (3 vol., 1821-32) and...

• Gerard, John 1545-1612, English botanist and barber-surgeon. He compiled a catalog (1596) of the plants in his garden, the first of its kind to be published in England. He is best known for his Herball (1597),...

• Gleason, Henry Allan 1882-1975, American botanist, plant geographer, and plant ecologist. His floristic studies of North American vegetation led to his "individualistic concept of the plant community," which views each...

• Gray, Asa 1810-88, one of America's leading botanists and taxonomists, b. Oneida co., N.Y. As professor of natural history at Harvard from 1842, he was the teacher of many eminent botanists. Through his...

• Grew, Nehemiah 1641-1712, English botanist and physician. Grew practiced medicine in London and made important microscopic studies of plants. He made what were probably the first observations of sex in plants...

• Harvey, William Henry 1811-66, Irish botanist. An authority on algae, he wrote A Manual of the British Algae (1841), Phycologia Britannica (4 vol., 1846-51), and Phycologia Australica (5 vol., 1858-63), which are classics...

• Hedwig, Johann 1730-99, German botanist, b. Transylvania. He was an authority on the lower plants, especially mosses, and was professor at the Univ. of Leipzig from 1786. The moss genus Hedwigia is named for him....

• Henslow, John Stevens 1796-1861, English botanist. He was professor of mineralogy (1822-27) and of botany (1827-61) at Cambridge Univ. Henslow was a teacher and friend of Charles Darwin, whom he recommended as...

• Hofmeister, Wilhelm 1824-77, German botanist. Although self-taught, he made such valuable studies of the reproduction and development of plants that he was appointed professor, successively, at the universities of...

• Hooker, Sir William Jackson 1785-1865, English botanist. A leading authority of his time on ferns, he formed a famous herbarium and built up the Glasgow Garden and the Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew. At Kew he founded the first...

• Jekyll, Gertrude 1843-1932, British artist, landscape gardener, and crafts artist. She was associated with William Robinson and Edwin Lutyens in developing an informal and natural style of garden. Her works include...

• Jussieu name of a French family of distinguished botanists. Antoine de Jussieu, 1686-1758, was director of the Jardin des Plantes, Paris. He edited Jacques Barrelier's posthumously published Plantae per Galliam, Hispaniam et Italiam observatae (1714) and the third edition (1719) of J. P. de Tournefort's Institutiones rei herbariae. Bernard de Jussieu, 1699-1777?, brother of Antoine, was director of the gardens at the Trianon, Versailles; there he arranged the plants according to his new system of classification, which he never published. He...