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Baybars I
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Baybars I
The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
Baybars I , 1223-77, Mamluk sultan (1260-77) of Egypt and Syria. Once a Turkish slave, Baybars became a commander of the Ayyubid and then Mamluk armies. In 1260 he led Mamluk troops to victory against the Mongols at the Battle of Ayn Jalut. When reporting to the sultan, Baybars killed him with a sword and became the fourth Mamluk sultan. His reign was marked by continuous military campaigns against Persian Mongols and Christian crusaders. He died in Damascus by mistakenly drinking poison.
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The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. Copyright 2008 Columbia University Press
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Baybars I
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khanaqah
...cells around three sides of the perimeter, with an assembly-hall on the fourth ( qibla ) side. An example is in the complex of Baybars al-Jashankir, Cairo (early C14). At the shrine of Char Bakr, near Bukhara (1559–69), the khanaqah is placed between...
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maqsura
...by a ruler for purposes of protection and status (e.g. the Great Mosque, Qairouan, Tunisia (C11) ). 2. Large domed room used for communal prayer (e.g. Mosque of Baybars, Cairo (C13) ). Bibliography Blair & and Bloom (1994); Hillenbrand (1994)
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Caesarea
...province of Judaea in 6, it was the site of an early Christian church and was often visited by St. Paul . It later declined under Byzantine and Arab rule and was destroyed by the Mamluk sultan Baybars I in the 13th century. Caesarea Caesarea Caesarea
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Ashqelon
...their principal ports ( Crusades ). It was retaken by the Ayyubid sultan Saladin in 1187 and destroyed by the Mamluk sultan Baybars I in 1270. Modern Ashqelon, originally an Arab town, was resettled by Israelis after 1949 and is now a resort and industrial...
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