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Hitler, Adolf

World Encyclopedia

Hitler, Adolf (1889–1945) German fascist dictator (1933–45), b. Austria. He served in the German army during World War I, receiving a decoration for bravery. In 1921, Hitler became leader of the small National Socialist Workers' Party (Nazi Party). While imprisoned for his role in the failed Munich Putsch, he set out National Socialism's extreme racist and nationalist views in Mein Kampf (1925). Economic distress and dissatisfaction with the Weimar Republic led to electoral gains for the Nazis and, by forming an alliance with orthodox Nationalists, Hitler became chancellor in January 1933. He made himself dictator of a one-party state in which the SS and Gestapo ruthlessly suppressed all opposition. The racial hatred he incited led to a policy of extermination of Jews and others in the Holocaust. Hitler pursued an aggressive foreign policy aimed at territorial expansion in e Europe. The invasion of Poland finally goaded Britain and France into declaring war on Germany in September 1939. Hitler himself played a large part in determining strategy during World War II. In April 1945, with Germany in ruins, he committed suicide.

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