Orenburg •Berg, burg, erg, exergue •Hamburg • Battenberg • Strasberg •Habsburg • Salzburg • Strasbourg •Pressburg • Spielberg • Tilburg •Lindbergh, Strindberg •Wittenberg • Vicksburg • Pittsburgh •Ginsberg • Johannesburg •Königsberg • Gettysburg • Freiburg •Heidelberg • Heisenberg • iceberg •Bromberg, homburg, Romberg •Gothenburg • Warburg • Jo'burg •Gutenberg • Duisburg • Magdeburg •Brandenburg • Hindenburg •Mecklenburg • Wallenberg •Orenburg • Nuremberg •Luxembourg • St Petersburg •Williamsburg • Schoenberg •Würzburg • Esbjerg

Orenburg (əryĬnbōōrk´), formerly Chkalov (chkä´ləf), city (1989 pop. 547,000), capital of Orenburg region, Central Asian Russia, on the Ural River. It is a major rail junction where the Trans-Caspian RR, the Central Asian RR, and the Samara-Orenburg line meet. Other industries produce agricultural machines and machine tools, elevator equipment, leather goods, clothing, foods, and silk. Founded in 1735 as a fortress, Orenburg resisted (1773–74) a siege by Pugachev. It became a center for Russian trade with Kazakhstan and central Asia. It was called Chkalov from 1938 to 1957.