Heyse, Paul (Johann Ludwig von) 1830-1914

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HEYSE, Paul (Johann Ludwig von) 1830-1914

PERSONAL: Born March 15, 1830, in Berlin, Germany; died April 2, 1914, in Munich, Germany; buried in Munich, Germany; son of Karl Wilhelm Ludwig and Julie (Saaling) Heyse; married Margarethe Kugler, May 15, 1854 (died September 30, 1862); married Anna Schubard, 1867; children: (first marriage) two sons; (second marriage) one son, one daughter. Education: University of Bonn, Ph.D. (romance philology), 1852.

CAREER: Short story writer, novelist, editor, translator, and essayist. From 1854 to 1868 received a stipend from the King of Bavaria.

AWARDS, HONORS: Nobel Prize for literature, 1910.

WRITINGS:

Frühlingsanfang 1848, Schade (Berlin, Germany), 1848.

Der Jungbrunnen: Neue Märchen von einem fahrenden Schüler (includes "Das Märchen von der guten Seele," "Glückspilzchen," "Das Märchen von Musje Morgenroth und Jungfer Abendbrod," "Veilchenprinz," "Das Märchen von Blindekuh," "Fedelint und Funzifudelchen"), Duncker (Berlin, Germany), 1850, revised edition, Pätel (Berlin, Germany), 1878.

Francesca von Rimini: Tragödie in fünf Akten, Hertz (Berlin, Germany), 1850

Die Brüder: Eine chinesische Geschichte in Versen, Hertz (Berlin, Germany), 1852

Studia romanensia: Particula I. Dissertatio inauguralis, Schade (Berlin, Germany), 1852.

Urica: Novelle in Versen, Hertz (Berlin, Germany), 1852.

Hermen: Dichtungen (includes "Margherita Spoletina," "Urica," "Idyllen von Sorrent," "Die Furie," "Die Brüder," "Michel-Angelo Buonarotti," "Perseus: Eine Puppentragödie"), Hertz (Berlin, Germany), 1854.

Meleager: Eine Tragödie, Hertz (Berlin, Germany), 1854.

Novellen (includes "Die Blinden," "Marion," "L'Arrabbiata," "Am Tiberufer"), Hertz (Berlin, Germany), 1855.

Die Braut von Cypern: Novelle in Versen. Mit einem lyrischen Anhang, Cotta (Stuttgart & Augsburg, Germany), 1856.

Thekla: Ein Gedicht in neun Gesängen, Cotta (Stuttgart, Germany), 1858

Neue Novellen: 2. Sammlung, (includes "Erkenne dich selbst"; "Das Mädchen von Treppi," translated by A.W. Hinton as The Maiden of Treppi; or, Love's Victory, Hinton [New York, NY], 1874; "Der Kreisrichter"; "Helene Morten"), Cotta (Stuttgart, Germany), 1858.

Vier neue Novellen: 3 Sammlung (includes "Die Einsamen," translated anonymously as "The Lonely Ones," in Eugenie Marlitt, Magdalena; Paul Heyse, The Lonely Ones, Lippincott [Philadelphia, PA], 1869; "Anfang und Ende"; "Maria Franziska"; "Das Bild der Mutter"), Hertz (Berlin, Germany), 1859.

Die Sabinerinnen: Tragödie in fünf Akten, Hertz (Berlin, Germany), 1859

Die Grafen von der Esche: Schauspiel in fünf Akten, Deschler (Munich, Germany), 1861.

Neue Novellen: 4, Sammlung (includes "Annina"; "Im Grafenschlo"; "Andrea Delfin," translated as Andrea Delfin, Burnham [Boston, MA], 1864); "Aufder Alm"), Hertz (Berlin, Germany), 1862

Ludwig der Bayer: Schauspiel in fünf Akten, Hertz (Berlin, Germany), 1862

Rafael: Eine Novelle in Versen, Kröner (Stuttgart, Germany), 1863

Elisabeth Charlotte: Schauspiel in fünf Akten, Hertz (Berlin, Germany), 1864.

Andrea Delfin, Burnham (Boston, MA), 1864.

Gesammelte Novellen in Versen (includes "Die Braut von Cypern," "Die Brüder," "König und Magier," "Margherita Spoletina," "Urica," "Die Furie," "Rafael," "Michel-Angelo Buonarotti," "Die Hochzeitsreise an den Walchensee"), Hertz (Berlin, Germany), 1864, enlarged edition, (includes "Thekla," "Syritha," "Der Salamander," "Schlechte Gesellschaft," "Das Feenkind"), 1870

Meraner Novellen: 5. Sammlung (includes "Unheilbar," translated by Mrs. H. W. Eve as Incurable Nutt [London, England], 1890; "Der Kinder Sünde der Väter Fluch"; "Der Weinhüter") Hertz (Berlin, Germany), 1864.

Maria Moroni: Trauerspiel in fünf Akten, Hertz (Berlin, Germany), 1865.

Hadrian: Tragödie in fünf Akten, Hertz (Berlin, Germany), 1865.

Hans Lange: Schauspiel in fünf Akten, Hertz (Berlin, Germany), 1866.

Fünf neue Novellen: 6. Sammlung (includes "Franz Alzeyer," "Die Reise nach dem Glück," "Die kleine Mama," "Kleopatra," "Die Witwe von Pisa") Hertz (Berlin, Germany), 1866.

Die glücklichen Bettler: Morgenländisches Märchen in drei Akten, frei nach Carlo Gozzi, Hertz (Berlin, Germany), 1867.

Novellen und Terzinen: 7. Sammlung der Novellen (includes "Syritha: Novelle in Versen," "Mutter und Kind: Novelle," "Auferstanden: Novelle," "Der Salamander: Novelle in Versen," "Beatrice: Novelle"), Hertz (Berlin, Germany), 1867.

Colberg: Historisches Schauspiel in fünf Akten, Hertz (Berlin, Germany), 1868.

Der Rothmantel: Komische Oper in drei Aufzügen nach Musäus' Volksmärchen, Wolf (Munich, Germany), 1868.

Moralische Novellen: 8. Sammlung (includes "Die beiden Schwestern," "Lorenz und Lore," "Vetter Gabriel,""Amtoten See," "Der Thurm von Nonza"), Hertz (Berlin, Germany), 1869.

Die Göttin der Vernunft: Trauerspiel in fünf Akten, Hertz (Berlin, Germany), 1870

Adam und Eva: Operette in lein Aufzuge, music by Robert von Hornstein, Straub (Munich, Germany), 1870.

Ein neues Novellenbuch: 9. Sammlung (includes "Barbarossa," "Die Stickerin von Treviso," "Lottka," "Der letzte Centaur," "Der verlorene Sohn," "Das schöne Käthchen," "Geoffroy und Garcinde," "Die Pfadfinderin"), Hertz (Berlin, Germany), 1871

Die Franzosenbraut: Volksschauspiel in fünf Akten, Straub (Munich, Germany), 1871

Der Friede: Ein Festspiel für das Münchener Hofund National-Theater, music by Baron von Perfall, Oldenbourg (Munich, Germany), 1871

Gesammelte Werke, Volumes 1-29 (Volume 9 includes Die Pfaulzer in Irland: Trauerspiel in fünf Akten), Hertz (Berlin, Germany), Volumes 30-38, Cotta (Stuttgart & Berlin, Germany), 1872-1914

Kinder der Welt: Roman in sechs Büchern, three volumes, Hertz (Berlin, Germany), 1873, translated as Children of the World: A Novel, Chapman & Hall (London, England), 1882, Munro (New York, NY), 1883.

The Maiden of Treppi; or, Love's Victory, translated by A.W. Hinton, Hinton (New York, NY), 1874

Neue Novellen: Der Novellen 10. Sammlung (includes "Er soll dein Herr sein," "Die ungarische Gräfin," "Ein Märtyrer der Phantasie," "Judith Stern," "Nerina"), Hertz (Berlin, Germany), 1875.

Ehre um Ehre: Schauspiel in fünf Akten, Hertz (Berlin, Germany), 1875

Im Paradiese: Roman in sieben Büchern, three volumes, Hertz (Berlin, Germany), 1875, translated as In Paradise, two volumes, Appleton (New York, NY), 1878.

Skizzenbuch: Lieder und Bilder, Hertz (Berlin, Germany), 1877

Graf Königsmark: Trauerspiel in fünf Akten, Hertz (Berlin, Germany), 1877

Elfride: Trauerspiel in fünf Akten, Hertz (Berlin, Germany), 1877

Neue moralische Novellen: 11. Sammlung der Novellen (includes "Jorinde," "Getreu bis in den Tod," "Die Kaiserin von Spinetta," "Das Seeweib," and "Die Frau Marchesa"), Hertz (Berlin, Germany), 1878.

Zwei Gefangene: Novelle, Reclam (Leipzig, Germany), 1878, translated as Two Prisoners, Simpkin (London, England), 1893.

Das Ding an sich und andere Novellen: 12. Sammlung der Novellen (includes "Das Ding an sich," "Zwei Gefangene," "Die Tochter der Excellenz," "Beppe der Sternseher"), Hertz (Berlin, Germany), 1879

Die Madonna im Ölwald: Novelle in Versen, Hertz (Berlin, Germany), 1879

Verse aus Italien: Skizzen, Briefe und Tagebuchblätter, Hertz (Berlin, Germany), 1880

Die Weiber von Schorndorf: Historisches Schauspiel in vier Akten, Hertz (Berlin, Germany), 1880

Frau von F. und römische Novellen: 13. Sammlung der Novellen (includes "Frau von F."; "Die talentvolle Mutter"; "Romulusenkel"; "Die Hexe vom Korso"), translated by George W. Ingraham as The Witch of the Corso Munro (New York, NY), 1882.

Das Glück von Rothenburg: Novelle, Reichel (Augsburg, Germany), 1881, translated by C. L. Townsend as "The Spell of Rothenburg," in The German Classics of the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries, Volume 13, edited by Kuno Francke and William Guild Howard, German Publication Society (New York, NY), 1914

Troubadour-Novellen: 14. Sammlung der Novellen (includes "Der lahme Engel," "Die Rache der Vizgräfin," "Die Dichterin von Carcassonne," "Der Mönch von Montaudon," "Ehre über alles," "Der verkaufte Gesang"), Hertz (Berlin, Germany), 1882, Munro (New York, NY), 1883

Alkibiades: Tragödie in drei Akten, Hertz (Berlin, Germany), 1883

Das Recht des Stärkeren: Schauspiel in drei Akten, Hertz (Berlin, Germany), 1883

Don Juan's Ende: Trauerspiel in fünf Akten, Hertz (Berlin, Germany), 1883, translated as The Last Days of Don Juan, (London, England)

Unvergebare Worte und andere Novellen: 15. Sammlung der Novellen (includes "Unvergebare Worte," "Die Eselin," "Das Glück von Rothenburg," "Geteiltes Herz"). Hertz (Berlin, Germany), 1883.

Buch der Freundschaft: Novellen. 16. Sammlung der Novellen (includes "David und Jonathan," "Grenzen der Menschheit," "Nino und Maso," translated by Alfred Remy as "Nino and Maso: A Tale Drawn from a Sienese Chronicle," in The German Classics of the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries, volume 13, 1914), Hertz (Berlin, Germany), 1883

Children of the World: A Novel, Chapman & Hall (London, England), 1882, Munro (New York, NY), 1883.

Siechentrost: Novelle, Reichel (Augsburg, Germany), 1883.

Buch der Freundschaft: Neue Folge. 17. Sammlung der Novellen (includes "Siechentrost," "Die schwarze Jakobe," "Gute Kameraden," "Im Bunde der Dritte"), Hertz (Berlin, Germany), 1884.

Drei einaktige Trauerspiele und ein Lustspiel (includes Ehrenschulden, Frau Lukrezia, Simson, and Unter Brüdern: Lustspiel in einem Akt), Hertz (Berlin, Germany), 1884.

Spruchbüchlein Hertz (Berlin, Germany), 1885

Gedichte, Hertz (Berlin, Germany), 1885, enlarged edition, 1889.

Himmlische und irdische Liebe—F.V.R.I.A.—auf Tod und Leben: Novellen. 18. Sammlung der Novellen, Munro (New York, NY), 1886.

Getrennte Welten: Schauspiel in vier Akten, Hertz (Berlin, Germany), 1886.

Die Hochzeit auf dem Aventin: Trauerspiel in fünf Akten, Hertz (Berlin, Germany), 1886.

Die Weisheit Salomo's: Schauspiel in fünf Akten, Hertz (Berlin, Germany), 1887.

Der Roman der Stiftsdame: Eine Lebensgeschichte, Hertz (Berlin, Germany), 1887, translated by J. M. Percival (pseudonym for Mary Joanna Safford) as The Romance of the Canoness: A Life-History Appleton (New York, NY), 1887.

Villa Falconieri und andere Novellen: 19. Sammlung der Novellen (includes "Villa Falconieri," "Doris Sengeberg," "Emerenz," "Die Märtyrerin der Phantasie"), Hertz (Berlin, Germany), 1888.

Gott schütze mich vor meinen Freunden: Lustspiel in drei Akten, Hertz (Berlin, Germany), 1888.

Prinzessin Sascha: Schauspiel in vier Akten, Hertz (Berlin, Germany), 1888.

Weltuntergang: Volksschauspiel in fünf Akten, Hertz (Berlin, Germany), 1889.

Kleine Dramen: Erste Folge (includes Im Bunde der Dritte, Der Venusdurchgang, Nur keinen Eifer, and In sittlicher Entrüstung), Hertz (Berlin, Germany), 1889.

Kleine Dramen: Zweite Folge (includes Eineerste Liebe, Eine Dante-Lektüre, Zwischen Lipp und Bechersrand, and Die schwerste Pflicht), Hertz (Berlin, Germany), 1889.

Liebeszauber: Orientalische Dichtung, Hanfstängl (Munich, Germany), 1889.

Novellen: Auswahl fürs Haus (includes "L'Arrabbiata," "Anfang und Ende," "Andrea Delfin," "Unheilbar," "Vetter Gabriel," "Die beiden Schwestern," "Er soll dein Herr sein," "Der verlorene Sohn," "Nerina," "Unvergebare Worte," "Die Dichterin von Arcassonne," "Das Glück von Rothenburg," "Siechentrost"), three volumes, Hertz (Berlin, Germany), 1890.

Ein überflüssiger Mensch: Schauspiel in vier Akten, Hertz (Berlin, Germany), 1890

Die schlimmen Brüder: Schauspiel in vier Akten und einem Vorspiel, Hertz (Berlin, Germany), 1891

Weihnachtsgeschichten (includes "Eine Weihnachtsbescherung," "Das Freifräulein," "Die Geschichte von Herrn Wilibald und dem Frosinchen," "Die Dryas"), Hertz (Berlin, Germany), 1891.

Merlin: Roman in sieben Büchern, three volumes Hertz (Berlin, Germany), 1892

Marienkind, Engelhorn (Stuttgart, Germany), 1892

Wahrheit?: Schauspiel in drei Akten, Hertz (Berlin, Germany), 1892

Ein unbeschriebenes Blatt: Lustspiel in vier Akten, Hertz (Berlin, Germany), 1893

Jungfer Justine: Schauspiel in vier Akten, Hertz (Berlin, Germany), 1893

Aus den Vorbergen: Novellen (includes "Vroni," "Marienkind," "Xaverl," "Dorfromantik"), Hertz (Berlin, Germany), 1893.

In der Geisterstunde und andere Spukgeschichten (includes "In der Geisterstunde: Die schöne Abigail," translated by Frances A. Van Santford as At the Ghost Hour: The Fair Abigail Dodd, Mead [New York, NY], 1894, "In der Geisterstunde: Mittagszauber," translated by Van Santford as "Mid-Day Magic," in At the Ghost Hour: Mid-Day Magic, Mead, 1894, "In der Geisterstunde: 's Lisabethle," translated by Van Santford as "Little Lisbeth," in At the Ghost Hour: Mid-Day Magic; "In der Geisterstunde: Das Waldlachen," translated by Van Santford as At the Ghost Hour: The Forest Laugh, Dodd, Mead [New York, NY], 1894, "Martin der Streber"; "Das Haus 'Zum ungalubigen Thomas' oder des Spirits Rache," translated by Van Santford as At the Ghost Hour: The House of the Unbelieving Thomas Dodd, Mead [New York, NY], 1894), Hertz (Berlin, Germany), 1894

Wolfram von Eschenbach: Ein Festspiel, Knorr & Hirth (Munich, Germany), 1894

Melusine und andere Novellen (includes "Hochzeit auf Capri," translated anonymously as "The Wedding at Capri," in Cosmopolitan, [January, 1894]; "Fedja"; "Donna Lionarda"; "Die Rächerin"; "Melusine"), Hertz (Berlin, Germany), 1895

Über allen Gipfeln: Roman, Hertz (Berlin, Germany), 1895.

Roland's Schildknappen; oder, Die Komödie vom Glück: Volksmärchen in drei Akten und einem Vorspiel, Hertz (Berlin, Germany), 1896.

Vanina Vanini: Trauerspiel in vier Akten, Hertz (Berlin, Germany), 1896.

Die Fornarina: Trauerspiel in fünf Akten, Naumann (Leipzig, Germany), 1896

Das Göthe-Haus in Weimar, Hertz (Berlin, Germany), 1896.

Verrathenes Glück; Emerenz: Zwei Geschichten, Krabbe (Stuttgart, Germany), 1896

Einer von Hunderten und Hochzeit auf Capri, Franckh (Stuttgart, Germany), 1896

Abenteuer eines Blaustrümpfchens (translated as "Adventures of a Little Blue-Stocking" in International, 1896), Krabbe (Stuttgart, Germany), 1897

Das Ráthsel des Lebens und andere Charakterbilder (includes "Der Dichter und sein Kind," "Der Siebengescheite," "Ehrliche Leute," "Einer von Hunderten," "Ein Mädchenschicksal," "Das Steinchen im Schuh," "Das Räthsel des Lebens"), Hertz (Berlin, Germany), 1897.

Männertreu; Der Sohn seines Vaters: Zwei Novellen, Krabbe (Stuttgart, Germany), 1897.

Drei neue Einakter (includes Der Stegreiftrunk: Drama in einem Akt, Schwester Lotte: Lustspiel in einem Akt, and Auf den Dächern: Dramatischer Scherz in einem Akt), Hertz (Berlin, Germany), 1897.

Neue Gedichte und Jugendlieder, Hertz (Berlin, Germany), 1897.

Der Sohn seines Vaters und andere Novellen (includes "Der Sohn seines Vaters," "Verratenes Glück," "Medea," "Männertreu," "Abenteuer eines Blaustrümpfchens"), Hertz (Berlin, Germany), 1898.

Der Bucklige von Schiras: Komödie in vier Akten, Hertz (Berlin, Germany), 1898.

Martha's Briefe an Maria: Ein Beitrag zur Frauenbewegung, Cotta (Stuttgart), 1898.

Neue Märchen (includes "Holdrio, oder Das Märchen vom wohler zogenen Königssohn," "Das Märchen vom Herzblut," "Die vier Geschwister," "Der Jungbrunnen," "Lilith," "Die gute Frau," "Die Nixe," "Das Märchen von Niels mit der offenen Hand," "Johannisnacht," "Die Dryas"), Hertz (Berlin, Germany), 1899.

Das literarische München: 25 Porträtskizzen, Bruckmann (Munich, Germany), 1899.

Die Macht der Stunde; Vroni: Zwei Novellen, Krabbe (Stuttgart, Germany), 1899.

Maria von Magdala: Drama in fünf Akten, Hertz (Berlin, Germany), 1899, translated by A. I. Coleman as Mary of Magdala, Lederer (New York, NY), 1900.

Fräulein Johanne; Auf der Alm: Zwei Novellen, Krabbe (Stuttgart, Germany), 1900.

Der Schutzengel: Novelle, Keil (Leipzig, Germany), 1900.

Jugenderinnerungen und Bekenntnisse, Hertz (Berlin, Germany), 1900, revised and enlarged edition, two volumes, Cotta (Stuttgart, Germany), 1912.

Das verschleierte Bild zu Sais: Drama in drei Akten, Lederer (New York, NY), 1901

Tantalus; Mutter und Kind: Zwei Novellen, Krabbe (Stuttgart, Germany), 1901

Ninon und andere Novellen (includes "Ninon," "Zwei Seelen," "Der Blinde von Dausenau," "Fräulein Johanne," "Tantalus," "Ein Mutterschicksal"), Cotta (Stuttgart and Berlin, Germany), 1902.

Der Heilige: Trauerspiel in fünf Akten, Cotta (Berlin and Stuttgart, Germany), 1902.

Novellen vom Gardasee (includes "Gefangene Singvögel," "Die Macht der Stunde," "San Vigilio," "Entsagende Liebe," "Eine venezianische Nacht,""Antiquarische Briefe"), Cotta (Stuttgart and Berlin, Germany), 1902.

Romane und Novellen, forty-two volumes, Cotta (Stuttgart, Germany), 1902-1912

Moralische Unmöglichkeiten und andere Novellen (includes "Moralische Unmöglichkeiten," "Er selbst," "Zwei Wittwen," "Ein Idealist"), Cotta (Stuttgart and Berlin, Germany), 1903.

Ein Wintertagebuch (Gardone 1901-1902), Cotta (Stuttgart, Germany), 1903

Mythen und Mysterien (includes "Lilith: Ein Mysterium," "Kain: Ein Mysterium," "Perseus: Puppentragödie in vier Akten," "Am Thor der Unterwelt," "Der Waldpriester: Ein Satyrspiel," "Gespräche im Himmel"), Cotta (Stuttgart, Germany), 1904

Crone Stäudlin: Roman, Cotta (Stuttgart, Germany), 1905.

Die theorichten Jungfrauen: Lustspiel in drei Akten, Cotta (Stuttgart and Berlin, Germany), 1905

Ein Canadier: Drama in drei Akten, Cotta (Stuttgart and Berlin, Germany), 1905.

Sechs kleine Dramen (includes Eine alte Geschichte: Familienszene in einem Akt, Die Zaubergeige: Drama in einem Akt, Zu treu: Genrebild in einem Akt, Horaz und Lydia, Der Stern von Mantua: Schauspiel in zwei Akten, and Die Tochter der Semiramis: Tragödie in einem Akt), Cotta (Stuttgart and Berlin, Germany), 1905.

Victoria Regia und andere Novellen (includes "Victoria Regia," "Lucile," "Tante Lene," "Die Arztin," "Der Hausgeist," "Ein Ring"), Cotta (Stuttgart and Berlin, Germany), 1906.

Gegen den Strom: Eine weltliche Klostergeschichte, Cotta (Stuttgart, Germany), 1907.

Menschen und Schicksale: Charakterbilder (includes "Das Karussell," "Das Unglück, Verstand zu haben," "Lottchen Täppe," "Verfehlter Beruf," "Die gute Tochter," "Ein Luftschiffer," "Mei Bübche," "Fromme Lüge," "Florian," "Iwan Kalugin," "Ein Christuskopf," "Ein Menschenfeind," "Ein literarischer Vehmrichter"), Cotta (Stuttgart, Germany), 1908.

Helldunkles Leben: Novellen (includes "Unüberwindliche Mächte," "Rita," "Ein unpersönlicher Mensch," "Eine Collegin," and "Clelia"), Cotta (Stuttgart, Germany), 1909.

Die Geburt der Venus: Roman, Cotta (Stuttgart and Berlin, Germany), 1909

König Saul: Biblische Historie in fünf Akten, Reclam (Leipzig, Germany), 1909

Mutter und Tochter: Drama in fünf Akten, Reclam (Leipzig, Germany), 1909

Das Ewigmenschliche: Erinnerungen aus einem Alltagsleben von ***; Ein Familienhaus: Novelle, Cotta (Stuttgart, Germany), 1910.

Plaudereien eines alten Freundespaares (includes "Faustrecht," "Das schwächere Geschlecht," "Altruismus," "Don Juan," "Erste Liebe," "Oliva von Planta," "Vendetta," and "Der Jubilar"), Cotta (Stuttgart, Germany), 1912.

Letzte Novellen (includes "Die bessere Welt," "Fanchette," and "Unwieder-bringlich"), Cotta (Stuttgart, Germany), 1914.

Ausgewählte Gedichte, edited by Erich Petzet Cotta (Stuttgart and Berlin, Germany), 1920

Gesammelte Novellen, five volumes, edited by Petzet Cotta (Stuttgart and Berlin, Germany), 1921

Italienische Novellen, two volumes, Cotta (Stuttgart, Germany), 1924

Gesammelte Werke, fifteen volumes, Cotta (Stuttgart, Germany), 1924, Olms (New York, NY), 1984

Die Reise nach dem Glück: Eine Auswahl aus dem Werk, selected by Gerhard Mauz, Cotta (Stuttgart, Germany), 1959.

Das Mädchen von Treppi: Italienische Liebesgeschichten, Morgen (Berlin, Germany), 1965.

Andrea Delfin und andere Novellen, Aufbau (Berlin and Weimar, Germany), 1966.

Die Hexe vom Corso und andere Novellen mit der Novellen-theorie, Goldmann (Munich, Germany), 1969.

L'Arrabbiata; Das Mädchen von Treppi, edited by Karl Pörnbacher, Reclam (Stuttgart, Germany), 1969.

Novellen, introduction by Manfred Schunicht (includes "L'Arrabbiata," "Andrea Delfin," "Kleopatra," "Beatrice," "Der letzte Zentaur," "Der lahme Engel," "Das Glück von Rothenburg," "Die Kaiserin von Spinetta," "Siechentrost," "Einleitung zu deutscher Novellenschatz," "Meine Novellistik"), Johnson Reprint (New York, NY), 1970.

Werke, mit einem Essay von Theodor Fontane, two volumes, edited by Bernhard Knick, Johanna Knick, and Hildegard Korth, Insel (Frankfurt am Main, Germany), 1980.

Novellen, Die Groß Erzähler-Bibliothek der Weltliteratur, Volume 54 (includes "L'Arrabbiata," "Helene Morten," "Andrea Delfin," "Der letzte Zentaur," "Judith Stern," "Victoria Regia."), Harenberg (Dortmund, Germany), 1986.

ENGLISH EDITIONS

Four Phases of Love (includes "Eye-Blindness and Soul-Blindness," "Marion," "La Rabbiata," and "By the Banks of the Tiber"), translated by G. H. Kingsley, Routledge (London, England), 1857

L'Arrabiata and Other Tales (includes "Count Ernest's Home," "Blind," and "Walter's Little Mother"), translated by Mary Wilson, Leypoldt & Holt (New York, NY), 1867.

The Dead Lake and Other Tales (includes "A Fortnight at the Dead Lake," "Doomed," "Beatrice," "Beginning and End"), translated by Mary Wilson, Low, Marston, Searle & Rivington (New York, NY), 1870.

Barbarossa and Other Tales (includes "The Embroideress of Treviso," "Lottka," "The Lost Son," "The Fair Kate," and "Geoffroy and Garcinde"), translated by L. C. S., Low, Marston, Low & Searle (London, England), 1874.

Tales from the German of Paul Heyse (includes "Count Ernest's Home," "The Dead Lake," "The Fury [L'Arrabiata]," and "Judith Stern"), Appleton (New York, NY), 1879.

Selected Stories, from the German of Paul Heyse (contains "L'Arrabiata," "Beppe, the Star-Gazer," and "Maria Francisca"), Schick (Chicago, IL), 1886.

La Marchesa, a Tale of the Riviera and Other Tales, translated by John Philips (includes "La Marchesa," "Her Excellency's Daughter," and "A Divided Heart"), Stock (London, England), 1887

Words Never to Be Forgotten and The Donkey: Two Novellettes from the German of Paul Heyse, translated by A. E. Fordyce, Hoff (Union Springs, NY), 1888.

A Divided Heart, and Other Stories, translated by Constance Stewart Copeland (includes "A Divided Heart," "Minka," and "Rothenburg on the Tauber"), Brentano's (New York, NY), 1894.

LETTERS

Der Briefwechsel von Jakob Burckhardt und Paul Heyse, edited by Erich Petzet, Lehmann (Munich, Germany), 1916.

Der Briefwechsel zwischen Paul Heyse und Theodor Storm, two volumes, edited by Plotke, Lehmann (Munich, Germany), 1917-1918.

Paul Heyse und Gottfried Keller im Briefwechsel, edited by Max Kalbeck, Westermann (Braunschweig, Germany), 1919.

Der Briefwechsel von Emanuel Geibel und Paul Heyse, edited by Eric Petzet, Lehmann (Munich, Germany), 1922.

Der Briefwechsel von Theodor Fontane und Paul Heyse, 1850-1897, edited by Eric Petzet, Weltgeist-Bücher Verlags-Gesellschaft (Berlin, Germany), 1929.

Briefwechsel zwischen Joseph Victor von Scheffel und Paul Heyse, edited by Conrad Höfer, Gräff (Karlsruhe, Germany), 1932.

Monika Walkhoff, Der Briefwechsel zwischen Paul Heyse und Hermann Kurz in den Jahren 1869-1873 aus Anlass der Herausgabe des "Deutschen Novellenschatzes," Foto-Druck Frank (Munich, Germany), 1967.

Theodor Storm—Paul Heyse: Briefwechsel. Kritische Ausgabe, three volumes, edited by Clifford Albrecht Bernd, Schmidt (Berlin, Germany), 1969-1974.

Der Briefwechsel zwischen Theodor Fontane und Paul Heyse, edited by Gotthard Erler Aufbau (Berlin and Weimar, Germany), 1972.

"Du hast alles, was mir fehlt . . .": Gottfried Keller im Briefwechsel mit Paul Heyse, edited by Fridolin Stähli, Gut (Stafa), 1990.

OTHER

(Editor) Romanische inedita auf Italiänischen Bibliotheken gesammelt, Hertz (Berlin, Germany), 1856.

(Translator) Jose Caveda, Geschichte der Baukunst in Spanien, edited by Kugler, Ebner & Seubert (Stuttgart, Germany), 1858.

(Editor and translator) Italienisches Liederbuch, Hertz (Berlin, Germany), 1860.

(Translator) William Shakespeare, Antonius und Kleopatra, Brockhaus (Leipzig, Germany), 1867.

(Translator) William Shakespeare, Timon von Athen, Brockhaus (Leipzig, Germany), 1868.

(Editor) Antologia dei moderni poeti italiani, Hallberger (Stuttgart, Germany), 1869.

(Editor, with Hermann Kurz ) Deutscher Novellenschatz, twenty-four volumes, Oldenbourg (Munich, Germany), 1871-1876.

(Editor, with Hermann Kurz ) Novellenschatz des Auslandes, 14 volumes, Oldenbourg (Munich, Germany), 1872-1875.

(Editor) Hermann Kurz, Gesammelte Werke: Mit einer Biographie des Dichters, ten volumes, Kröner (Stuttgart, Germany), 1874.

(Editor and translator) Giuseppe Guisti, Gedichte, Hofmann (Berlin, Germany), 1875.

(Editor) Italienische Novellisten, six volumes, Grunow (Leipzig, Germany), 1877-1878.

(Translator) Giacomo Leopardi, Werke, Hertz (Berlin, Germany), 1878.

(Editor) Lodovico Ariosto, Rasender Roland, two volumes, translated by Hermann Kurz, Schottländer (Breslau, Germany), 1880-1881.

Neues Münchener Dichterbuch, Kröner (Stuttgart, Germany), 1882.

(Editor, with Ludwig Laistner) Neuer deutscher Novellenschatz, twenty-four volumes, Oldenbourg (Munich, Germany), 1884-1887.

(Translator) Italienische Dichter seit der Mitte des 18. Fahrhunderts: Übersetzungen und Studien, five volumes, Volumes 1-4, Hertz (Berlin, Germany), Volume 5, Cotta (Stuttgart and Berlin, Germany), 1889-1905.

(Editor) Lodovico Ariostos Satiren, translated by Otto Gildemeister, Behr (Berlin, Germany), 1904.

(Editor) Hermann Lingg, Ausgewählte Gedichte, Cotta (Stuttgart and Berlin, Germany), 1905.

(Translator) Italienische Volksmärchen, Lehmann (Munich, Germany), 1914.

(Translator) Drei italienische Lustspiele aus der Zeit der Renaissance (includes Die Cassaria, by Ariosto; Die Aridosia, by Lorenzino de' Medici; and Mandragola, by Niccolo Machiavelli), Diederichs (Jena), 1914.

Contributor to books, including Fünfzehn neue deutsche Lieder zu alten Singweisen: Den deutschen Männern Ernst Moritz Arndt und Ludwig Uhland gewidmet, edited by Franz Kugler, [Berlin, Germany], 1848; (with Emanuel Geibel) Spanisches Liederbuch, Hertz (Berlin, Germany), 1852; Die Geschichte des Erstlingswerkes, edited by Karl Emil Franzos, Titze (Leipzig), 1894; and Die Lebensund Weltanschauung der Freifrau Marie von Ebner-Eschenbach, by Mechtild Alkemade, Volume 15: Deutsche Quellen und Studien, Wächter (Würzburg & Graz), 1935. Also contributor to periodicals, including Süddeutsche Monatshefte and Euphorion.

SIDELIGHTS: Paul Heyse was an enormously popular writer, best known for his "novellen," or short stories, a form he helped establish in Germany during the last half of the nineteenth century. His short stories most often feature exotic locales, fanciful, romantic plots, and beautiful, strong-willed heroines. Heyse also formulated a theory of short-story composition the socalled "falcon theory"—which stressed the need for unique points of plot and character above all else. Although he was respected highly enough to win the Nobel Prize for literature, his reputation fell into sharp decline soon after his death. The chief critical complaint against his work was a lack of depth. This, contention not unheard of even during his life, is well represented by an 1882 article in the English journal, Spectator, which read: "Heyse loves to skim the surface of life, he is afraid of its deeper emotions, and even when a serious note is touched in his writings, it is rarely elicited by a nobler feeling than that of sensuous passion."

Heyse was born in 1830, in Berlin, to an artistically talented and academically accomplished family. As a youth he excelled in language studies and helped his father, a philologist, proofread a dictionary he was compiling. He also wrote poetry, mostly romantic lyrics to a friend's sister. In 1847, Heyse enrolled at the University of Berlin to study classical philology. He continued writing poetry and frequented the cultured salons of Berlin. In 1849, he transferred to the University of Bonn and changed his major to Romance languages. Soon he had published a fairy-tale collection, Der Fungbrunnen ("The Fountain of Youth"), and a play,Francesca von Rimini, that was inspired by his love for a professor's young wife.

Two years later, Heyse returned to Berlin to deliver his dissertation on the poetry of the medieval troubadours. There he became a member of a literary circle made up of young, aspiring writers from the Prussian military and government. The following summer Heyse was awarded his doctorate, and that fall he received a grant from the Prussian Ministry of Culture to study unpublished Italian manuscripts. For much of 1852 and 1853, Heyse toured Rome, Naples, and Sorrento working and socializing, and in 1856, he would publish a volume of the manuscripts he translated there. But as Charles H. Helmetag wrote in the Dictionary of Literary Biography, "the main product of the trip was a series of poems and stories with Italian settings and passionate female characters, works that would be associated with Heyse in the mind of the German middle-class reading public for the rest of his life."

After his Italian sojourn, Heyse accepted an invitation from King Maximilian II of Bavaria to live in Munich. In exchange for a living stipend, Heyse was required only to write and participate in the court's literary salons. Heyse and his new bride, Margarethe Kugler, quickly settled in to Munich society, and later that year the most important of the works inspired by Heyse's Italian venture, "L'Arrabbiata," appeared.

The story concerns Antonio, a young fisherman, and Laurella, his neighbor, a beautiful, dark woman, just eighteen, and possessed of a wild and haughty manner. Antonio loves her, though he is also somewhat intimidated. He does not know that her boldness is actually an overcompensation for her fear of romantic involvement. Laurella's father mistreats her mother, and thus she is fearful of men, and wary of their attentions. Nevertheless, she accepts Antonio's invitation to accompany him one afternoon. Upon the spur of the moment, Antonio declares his love for her, and she rejects him. Despairing, he grabs her and leaps into the Bay of Sorrento, attempting to drown them both. Laurella bites his hand, drawing blood, and swims away. That night, Laurella brings Antonio herbs to help heal his hand, and reveals that she has been in love with him all along. Later, she confesses these events to her parish priest, and he is secretly overjoyed that her fears have been overcome by true love. Lawrence A. McLouth, wrote in a "Biographical Sketch" for an edition of Heyse's Anfang und Ende, that Heyse "never surpassed L'Arrabbiata, in which he at once struck the key-note of a successful story: supreme interest, a situation not a development, rapid action, beautiful, transparent language, only a few characters but all so well drawn that they fairly live and breathe."

In Munich, Heyse earned his stipend. He organized a literary circle to help further the careers of Munich writers, and also continued voluminous correspondence with other German writers, several books of which were published. Over the course of his career, he would write 120 short stories, forty plays, fifteen novels in verse, and seven novels, as well as numerous essays and poems. In short, he became a major figure in German letters celebrated by critics and extremely popular with the reading public. In 1867, Heyse and his second wife, Anna Schubard (his first wife having died in 1862), moved into a villa which became the center of Munich's cultural life. The following year, he gave up his stipend.

In 1871, Heyse coedited the twenty-four-volume Deutscher Novellenschatz ("Treasury of German Novellas"). In the introduction, he put forth a critical theory of the short story, which many consider his most lasting literary contribution. Heyse uses Giovanni Boccaccio's "Decameron"—in which an impoverished nobleman serves his prize falcon as a meal to please his lady—to illustrate his point that a successful story has a single "basic motif" that stands out in "strong silhouette" against the story's background and thus makes an indelible impression on the reader's mind. Each good story then, according to Heyse, has a "falcon": a marked element that distinguishes it immediately from every other story. Heyse's "falcon theory" became enormously popular among German critics, although some misinterpreted him as meaning that the central "falcon" of the story should be symbolic in nature, and others were overzealous in their application of the theory. But as Christiane Ullmann pointed out in the journal Seminar, Heyse "[did] not necessarily speak of a symbol . . . but of an occurrence which clearly and definitely impresses the reader as unique." And Donald LoCicero has cautioned in the journal Modern Language Notes, that Heyse did not intend his theory to be dogma, and "had no intention of precipitating the great falcon hunt which ensued."

In the mid-1870s, Heyse focused on writing novels as that form became more popular with the reading public. Kinder der Welt, translated as Children of the World, his first, was typical of his novels, in that it was long, complex, very popular, and received generally good reviews, although critics agreed that it was not on par with his short stories. Children of the World concerns a group of eight Berlin artists and academics, following their shifting allegiances and affairs of the heart from their college years through middle age. The novel aroused some controversy for its espousal of free love. Indeed, Helmetag has noted that Heyse was "considered by many a dangerously immoral writer, a reputation that contributed to his immense popularity."

By way of justifying his challenges to social convention, Heyse had proposed, in his introduction to Moralische Novellen that "Ausnahmemenschen" (exceptional individuals) should not be burdened by the same codes of conduct which guide the common people. Not all critics, however, have been convinced of his seriousness as a social theorist. E. K. Bennett, for instance, wrote in A History of the German Novelle: From Goethe to Thomas Mann, that Heyse "was merely a frondeur tilting at the social conventions of his generation."

Regardless of his purported threats to a moral society, Heyse was widely honored throughout his long life. In 1910, the year of his eightieth birthday, and four years before his death, he was elevated to the nobility, had a street in Munich named for him, and won the Nobel Prize for literature.