Turtledove, Harry 1949- (Dan Chernenko, Mark Gordion, Eric G. Iverson, H.N. Turteltaub, Harry Norman Turtledove)

PERSONAL:

Born June 14, 1949, in Los Angeles, CA; married Laura Frankos (a writer); children: Alison, Rachel, Rebecca. Education: Attended California Institute of Technology; University of California at Los Angeles, Ph.D., 1977.

ADDRESSES:

Agent—Russel Galen, Scovil, Chichak, Galen Literary Agency, 381 Park Ave. S., Ste. 1112, New York, NY 10016.

CAREER:

Novelist. Los Angeles County Office of Education, technical writer, late 1970s to 1991.

MEMBER:

Science Fiction Writers of America (treasurer, 1986-87).

AWARDS, HONORS:

Homer Award for short story, 1990, for "Designated Hitter"; John Esthen Cook Award for Southern Fiction, 1993, for The Guns of the South; Hugo Award for best novella, 1994, for Down in the Bottomlands; Hugo Award nomination for best novelette, and Nebula Award nomination for best novelette, both 1996, both for "Must and Shall"; Premio Italia, 1996, for In the Balance; Sidewise Award for Long Form, 1997, for How Few Remain; named honorary Kentucky Colonel at Rivercon XXIII, 1998; Publishers Weekly named American Front one of the top ten sci-fi books of 1998; Nebula Award nomination, 1999, for How Few Remain; Hugo Award nomination for best novella, 2000, for "Forty, Counting Down"; Sidewise Award for Long Form, 2002, for Ruled Britannia; Golden Duck Hal Clement Award, 2004, for Gunpowder Empire; World Fantasy Award nomination, 2005, for First Heroes.

WRITINGS:

"GERIN THE FOX" SERIES

(Under pseudonym Eric G. Iverson) Wereblood, Belmont Tower (New York, NY), 1979.

(Under pseudonym Eric G. Iverson) Werenight, Belmont Tower (New York, NY), 1979.

Werenight (omnibus volume; includes Wereblood and Werenight), Baen Books (New York, NY), 1994.

Prince of the North, Baen Books (New York, NY), 1994.

King of the North, Baen Books (New York, NY), 1996.

Fox and Empire, Baen Books (New York, NY), 1998.

Wisdom of the Fox (omnibus volume; includes Werenight and Prince of the North), Baen Books (New York, NY), 1999.

"VIDESSOS" CYCLE; FANTASY NOVELS

The Misplaced Legion, Ballantine (New York, NY), 1987.

An Emperor for the Legion, Ballantine (New York, NY), 1987.

The Legion of Videssos, Ballantine (New York, NY), 1987.

Swords of the Legion, Ballantine (New York, NY), 1987.

The Bridge of the Separator, Baen (New York, NY), 2007.

"TALE OF KRISPOS" SERIES; FANTASY NOVELS

Krispos Rising, Ballantine (New York, NY), 1991.

Krispos of Videssos, Ballantine (New York, NY), 1991.

Krispos the Emperor, Ballantine (New York, NY), 1994.

The Tale of Krispos (omnibus volume) Ballentine (New York, NY), 2007.

"TIME OF TROUBLES" SERIES

The Stolen Throne, Del Rey (New York, NY), 1995.

Hammer and Anvil, Del Rey (New York, NY), 1996.

The Thousand Cities, Del Rey (New York, NY), 1997.

Videssos Besieged, Del Rey (New York, NY), 1998.

The Time of Troubles I (omnibus volume), Baen (Riverdale, NY), 2005.

The Time of Troubles II (omnibus volume), Baen (Riverdale, NY), 2005.

"WORLDWAR" SERIES; SCIENCE FICTION NOVELS

In the Balance, Ballantine (New York, NY), 1994.

Tilting the Balance, Ballantine (New York, NY), 1995.

Upsetting the Balance, Ballantine (New York, NY), 1996.

Striking the Balance, Ballantine (New York, NY), 1996.

"COLONIZATION" SERIES; SCIENCE FICTION NOVELS

Second Contact, Ballantine (New York, NY), 1999.

Down to Earth, Del Rey (New York, NY), 2000.

Aftershocks, Del Rey (New York, NY), 2001.

Homeward Bound, Ballantine (New York, NY), 2005.

"GREAT WAR" AND "AMERICAN EMPIRE" SERIES; ALTERNATE HISTORY

How Few Remain, Del Rey (New York, NY), 1997.

The American Front, Del Rey (New York, NY), 1998.

Walk in Hell, Del Rey (New York, NY), 1999.

Breakthroughs, Del Rey (New York, NY), 2000.

The Center Cannot Hold, Del Rey (New York, NY), 2002.

Blood and Iron, Del Rey (New York, NY), 2002.

The Victorious Opposition, Del Rey (New York, NY), 2003.

"DARKNESS" SERIES

Into the Darkness, Tor (New York, NY), 1999.

Darkness Descending, Tor (New York, NY), 2000.

Through the Darkness, Tor (New York, NY), 2001.

Rulers of the Darkness, Tor (New York, NY), 2002.

Jaws of Darkness, Tor (New York, NY), 2003.

Out of the Darkness, Tor (New York, NY), 2004.

"CROSSTIME TRAFFIC" SERIES; YOUNG ADULT SPECULATIVE FICTION

Gunpowder Empire, Tor (New York, NY), 2003.

Curious Notions, Tor (New York, NY), 2004.

In High Places, Tor (New York, NY), 2006.

The Disunited States of America, Tor (New York, NY), 2006.

The Gladiator, Tor (New York, NY), 2007.

The Valley-Westside War, Tor (New York, NY), 2008.

"SETTLING ACCOUNTS" SERIES

Return Engagement, Del Rey/Ballantine Books (New York, NY), 2004.

Drive to the East, Del Rey (New York, NY), 2005.

The Grapple, Del Rey (New York, NY), 2006.

In at the Death, Ballantine Books (New York, NY), 2007.

"WAR BETWEEN THE PROVINCES" SERIES

Sentry Peak, Baen Books (Riverdale, NY), 2000.

Marching through Peachtree, Baen Books (Riverdale, NY), 2001.

Advance and Retreat, Baen (Riverdale, NY), 2002.

"MENEDEMOS AND SOSTRATOS" SERIES; UNDER PSEUDONYM H.N. TURTELTAUB

Over the Wine Dark Sea, Forge (New York, NY), 2001.

The Gryphon's Skull, Forge (New York, NY), 2002.

The Sacred Land, Forge (New York, NY), 2003.

Owls to Athens, Forge (New York, NY), 2004.

"DAYS OF INFAMY" SERIES

Days of Infamy, New American Library (New York, NY), 2004.

End of the Beginning, New American Library (New York, NY), 2005.

"OPENING OF THE WORLD" SERIES

Beyond the Gap, Tor (New York, NY), 2007.

OTHER NOVELS

A Different Flesh, Congdon & Weed (New York, NY), 1988.

Noninterference, Ballantine (New York, NY), 1988.

Isaac Asimov Presents a Different Flesh, Congdon & Weed (New York, NY), 1988.

A World of Difference, Ballantine (New York, NY), 1990.

The Guns of the South: A Novel of the Civil War, Ballantine (New York, NY), 1992.

(With S.M. Stirling, Judith Tarr, and Susan Shwartz) Bloodfeuds, Baen (Riverdale, NY), 1993.

(With S.M. Stirling, Judith Tarr, and Susan Shwartz) Blood Vengeance, Baen (Riverdale, NY), 1994.

The Case of the Toxic Spell Dump, Ballantine (New York, NY), 1994.

(With Richard Dreyfuss) The Two Georges, Tor (New York, NY), 1996.

Thessalonica (fantasy) Baen (Riverdale, NY), 1996.

(Under pseudonym H.N. Turteltaub) Justinian, Forge (New York, NY), 1998.

Between the Rivers, Tor (New York, NY), 1998.

(With Judith Tarr) Household Gods, Tor (New York, NY), 1999.

Counting Up, Counting Down, Del Rey (New York, NY), 2001.

Over the Wine-Dark Sea, Forge Books (New York, NY), 2001.

Ruled Britannia, New American Library (New York, NY), 2002.

Conan of Venarium, Tor (New York, NY), 2003.

In the Presence of Mine Enemies, New American Library (New York, NY), 2003.

3 X T, Baen (Riverdale, NY), 2004.

Fort Pillow, St. Martin's Press (New York, NY), 2006.

Every Inch a King, Del Rey (New York, NY), 2007.

Opening Atlantis, Roc (New York, NY), 2007.

After the Downfall, Night Shade Books (San Francisco, CA), 2008.

The Man with the Iron Heart, Del Rey (New York, NY), 2008.

SHORT STORIES

Agent of Byzantium, Congdon & Weed (New York, NY), 1987, revised edition, 1994.

Kaleidoscope, Ballantine (New York, NY), 1990.

Earthgrip, Ballantine (New York, NY), 1991.

Departures, Ballantine (New York, NY), 1993.

Also contributor of short stories, sometimes under pseudonym Mark Gordion, to Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction and Analog.

OTHER

(Translator) The Chronicle of Theophanes: An English Translation of Anni Mundi, 6095-9305 (A.D. 602-813), University of Pennsylvania Press (Philadelphia, PA), 1982.

(Editor, with Martin H. Greenberg) The Best Military Science Fiction of the Twentieth Century, Ballantine (New York, NY), 2001.

The Best Alternate History Stories of the Twentieth Century, Ballantine (New York, NY), 2002.

(Compiler with Noreen Doyle) The First Heroes: New Tales of the Bronze Age, Tor Books (New York, NY), 2004.

Alternate Generals II, Baen Books (Riverdale, NY), 2005.

(Editor, with Roland J. Green) Alternate Generals III, Baen Books (Riverdale, NY), 2005.

(Editor, with Martin H. Greenberg) The Best Time Travel Stories of the Twentieth Century, Del Rey/ Ballantine (New York, NY), 2005.

Contributor to Worlds That Weren't, ROC (New York, NY), 2002.

SIDELIGHTS:

Harry Turtledove is a prolific writer in several genres. His most popular work combines elements of science fiction, fantasy, and alternative history. Starting from the premise of one major change in history—for example, the Spanish Armada defeating the British and imprisoning Queen Elizabeth I, or the South winning the American Civil War instead of the North—he goes on to create sweeping portraits of what would have unfolded in the decades following the change. Turtledove, who has also published his work under the pseudonyms Eric G. Iverson, Mark Gordion, and H.N. Turteltaub, has constructed alternate histories of both world wars. Other writers have used this premise, but Turtledove adds extra originality to his stories by blending in elements of magic and fantasy.

The first series of books Turtledove wrote were called "Gerin the Fox" and were initially published under the pseudonym Eric G. Iverson due to his editor's belief that the name sounded more authentic than "Turtledove." Not until 1985 did Turtledove begin publishing under his own name, due to his agent's belief that it would be remembered easily by readers. The first two volumes of the Gerin series, which are sometimes known as the Elabon series, were Wereblood and Werenight. Gerin is an educated man and reluctant warrior in the declining kingdom of Elabon. He lives in the North lands and defends the outskirts of the kingdom from invading marauders. In Wereblood he is at war with a crazy sorcerer, and in Werenight Gerin tries to rescue his kidnapped son, fight the invasion of the Trokme warriors, and battle with monsters in the North lands. Turtledove continued the series with Prince of the North more than a decade later, in which Gerin's wife leaves him for another man, leaving him to raise their four-year-old son while dealing with the effects of war and a devastating earthquake on the sprawling Elabon empire. King of the North takes place a decade later, when Gerin's son is a teenager and Gerin now has three more children with his second wife, Selatre. Family matters stemming from the death of his ex-father-in-law complicate his preparations for war against the Adiatunnus, which are in turn pre-empted by the invasion of the Gradi, a barbarian tribe of Nordic characteristics, into the North lands. Fox and Empire, the last novel of the series, takes place more than twenty years after the first book, as Gerin enters into war against the Elabonian Empire, with his former adversary, King Aragis the Archer, as an ally.

Among Turtledove's science-fiction works in alternate history is the "Worldwar" series, in which opposing forces from World War II unite to combat technologically advanced, lizard-like alien invaders. Library Jour- nal reviewer Jackie Cassada, assessing Tilting the Balance, remarked that the novel "exhibits [Turtledove's] genuine feel for crafting believable answers to historical ‘what ifs.’"

In a volume from the Colonization series, Second Contact, the conflict between Earthlings and alien invaders is renewed. Cassada, writing again in the Library Journal, described this novel as a "tour de force of speculative historical fiction," and Booklist critic Roberta Johnston noted the volume's "strong human characters." In a sequel, Down to Earth, the invading aliens unite with Allied forces to vanquish the Third Reich. A Publishers Weekly critic deemed the novel "provocative," and Johnston wrote in Booklist that Turtledove's tale constitutes "another ripping yarn." Cassada, meanwhile, wrote in the Library Journal of the novelist's "talent for crafting drama on a global scale."

The cycle continues with Aftershocks, in which lizards and humans together face the results of a series of nuclear confrontations. The series comes to "a resounding and massive conclusion" with Homeward Bound, according to Roland Green in a Booklist review. In Homeward Bound, the large cast features a human baby raised as a lizard and a ship whose faster-than-light speeds finally put power into human hands. Green found this to be unequal to Turtledove's very best work, but added, "it certainly ranks as something few other writers would have attempted and even fewer would have brought off so well." Booklist reviewer Roberta Johnson had high praise for the series, claiming that the author "explores ethics, vengeance, and the duties of familial love versus those of friendship with his trademark wry humor."

Turtledove turned to World War I for The American Front and Walk in Hell, two tales in which the historic conflict is fought in North America instead of Europe. In this scenario, America is a vastly different place from the one reflected in current reality, with the United States bitterly set against the Confederate States, which are allied with Britain. The story suggests that the United States seeks revenge against the Confederates no matter what the cost. According to Jackie Cassada in Booklist, the author "displays his acute knowledge of American history as well as his keen imagination." A Publishers Weekly critic similarly noted Turtledove's "thorough knowledge of the period's history." Booklist reviewer Green described Walk in Hell as "a remorseless working out of the consequences of greater follies producing even worse results."

Turtledove's other alternate histories include The Guns of the South: A Novel of the Civil War, in which the Confederates have triumphed over Union forces in the American Civil War. The author explores what the implications might have been for modern history if the South had been victorious, drawing clear parallels between his imaginary Southern nation and the Third Reich of Nazi Germany. Drive to the East is another book in the series, relating how Confederate forces have split the country in half as they seek revenge against the North. Genocide on a scale of the Holocaust is planned in order to reduce the unwanted population of freed slaves. A Publishers Weekly reviewer credited Turtledove with creating "convincing analogues to events during WWII," and predicted that fans of the author's previous work will find the book "thoroughly satisfying."

Days of Infamy and End of the Beginning are part of a series of books exploring what might have been if the Japanese had successfully eliminated the entire American fleet at Pearl Harbor. In the author's vision, food and resources are scarce, American men and women are forced into slavery, and the black market thrives. As in many of Turtledove's books, the cast of characters is large; the author is often praised for his ability to work with so many plot threads and characters. A Publishers Weekly writer found Turtledove's vision "starkly realistic." Noting that the author focuses on war tactics and technology, the reviewer further commented that Days of Infamy is an "exciting, well-researched alternate history will please history buffs and SF fans alike." Roland Green, reviewing the novel in Booklist, characterized Days of Infamy as "demanding, irresistible, and magisterial—to say the very least." Another reviewer for Publishers Weekly characterized End of the Beginning as "a broad canvas of the titanic struggle."

Turtledove aimed for a young adult readership with his "Crosstime Traffic" series, which features twenty-first-century teenagers trapped in an alternate world where the Roman Empire never declined. People have the technology to move from one timeline to another, though this practice is shrouded in secrecy. In Gunpowder Empire, the first book in the series, Jeremy and his sister Amanda are stranded without their parents in an alternate universe, and communication between the two timelines breaks down completely. "Turtledove is the master of alternate histories and he doesn't disappoint here," concluded Sherry Hoy in a Kliatt review. The fourth volume in the series, The Disunited States ofAmerica, features Justin Monroe, a high-school senior who moves to Charleston, Virginia, from another planet and discovers America to be a land of warring states. Justin witnesses a border war between Virginia and Ohio, with incited uprisings fought with latter-day technology—missiles, bioweapons, and more. He falls in love with Beckie, a gunrunner from California who is aiding the African-American rebels in Virginia. A Publishers Weekly reviewer appreciated the moral theme of the novel, in which "Turtledove delivers lessons on racism and diplomacy for a young adult audience."

Turtledove is a student of Byzantine history, a subject in which he earned a doctorate in 1977. His works related to that period include The Chronicle of Theophanes: An English Translation of Anni Mundi, 6095-9305 (A.D. 602-813), which he translated in 1982. His background in Byzantine history also served him in his "Videssos Cycle" of fantasy novels about a Roman legion that is transported to an alternative empire called Videssos. "The major appeal of the series remains Turtledove's competent handling of historical material," observed Roland Green in Booklist.

Turtledove's knowledge of Byzantine history is also evident in Agent of Byzantium, a collection of stories about Basil Argyros, a fourteenth-century spy who lives in an alternate Byzantine Empire that never fell to crusaders. In this alternative world, the Muslim figure Mohammed has converted to Christianity and has become a saint. A Kirkus Reviews critic found Argyros's exploits "hard to believe in" but conceded that "the backdrop is intriguing."

In addition to his science fiction and alternate histories, Turtledove has published conventional fantasy stories such as Into the Darkness, where rival sorcerers vie for power. Booklist reviewer Roland Green summarized this book as "another whopper from Turtledove." A Publishers Weekly critic was less impressed, concluding that "this novel sometimes seems a victim of overly complicated designs." Another book in the series, Out of the Darkness, sees the drawn-out Derlavaian War coming to a close, though a series of epic battles featuring dragons and sea monsters is still in progress. Cassada, reviewing the book for the Library Journal, pointed out that despite the magical trappings and impressive technology described here, the story really illustrates "the universality of war and its consequences." A similar viewpoint was expressed by a Publishers Weekly reviewer, who stated: "By personalizing the frightful tragedies of war, Turtledove makes the big bang of the war's ultimate weapon far less affecting than the whimpers of its many victims."

Turtledove is also the coauthor with Judith Tarr of Household Gods, in which a Los Angeles lawyer suddenly finds herself in Rome during the second century. Cassada wrote in the Library Journal that the novel is reminiscent of Mark Twain's classic A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court, and a Publishers Weekly reviewer mentioned L. Frank Baum's masterpiece, The Wizard of Oz. In addition, the Publishers Weekly critic acknowledged Household Gods for its "snappy dialogue" and "superb characterizations."

In Ruled Britannia, Turtledove explores the possibility of the Spanish Armada defeating the British navy in Elizabethan England, thereby installing a rigid Roman Catholic regime in the kingdom. Mary Queen of Scots now rules England, and Queen Elizabeth is holed up in the Tower of London. A rebellion is launched following the debut of William Shakespeare's new play, and Will himself, "lovingly drawn," in the words of a Publishers Weekly reviewer, is cast into the fray by Elizabeth's ally Lord Burghley. The story gives Turtledove the opportunity to put his own words in the Bard's mouth and reimagine some of his most famous lines. The prospect, as Turtledove told Cristoper Hennessey-DeRose and Michael McCar in an interview for the online journal Science Fiction Weekly, was daunting: "This was probably the scariest thing I have ever tried," Turtledove said, "because one of the worst things for a writer to do is write about a writer who is better than he is. Shakespeare is better than everybody."

Every Inch a King takes as its inspiration Albania in 1913 and the real-life story of the circus clown Otto Witte. In Turtledove's alternate history, Witte becomes Otto of Schlepsig and Albania is reimagined as the kingdom of Shqiperi. Twentieth-century technology is replaced by magic as Otto and his sidekick Max of Witte, a sword swallower, cavort throughout Shqiperi, enjoying riches and women, in a novel that "is a fun romp through an undeservedly obscure moment in history," according to a reviewer in Publishers Weekly.

Beyond the Gap is the first volume in a new series. It concerns a Bronze Age society on the cusp of discovery. A team of explorers that includes Raumsdalians and Bizogot, a nomadic tribe from the northern part of the kingdom, depart from the capital of the Raumsdalian Empire and venture through a growing glacial gap to search for the mythical Golden Shrine. Romantic entanglements and culture clashes are put aside when the team encounters the mammoth-riding Rulers, a fierce tribe on the other side of the glacier. A writer for Publishers Weekly praised the story's "vivid setting and strong characterization."

Opening Atlantis is the first volume in a planned trilogy concerning the ancient, mythical lost continent. The story begins in the fifteenth century, when the unknown land mass is discovered by English sailors. The land, which is somewhere between Europe and where the East Coast of the United States should be (but is not), Atlantis becomes a key region in England's imperial conquests, serving as an alternate location for what would have been the French and Indian War, as British, French, and Spanish forces clash in what seems to be an inevitable confrontation, whatever the geography of the planet. Booklist reviewer Roland Green concluded that the author's fans should enjoy the story, which features "Turtledove's inimitable ingenuity."

Writing in Locus, Russell Letson declared Turtledove to be "probably the best practitioner of the classic alternate-history since L. Sprague de Camp, and his virtues are just those of the master: meticulous research and thorough knowledge of his period, an understated but firm way with storytelling, and a sense of the exotic appeal of the past combined with a recognition of the ordinariness of ordinary life." Similarly impressed was Jackie Cassada, who referred to Turtledove in the Library Journal as "the acknowledged master of alternate history."

BIOGRAPHICAL AND CRITICAL SOURCES:

PERIODICALS

Booklist, February 15, 1987, review of The Misplaced Legion, p. 878; May 1, 1987, review of An Emperor for the Legion, p. 1336; June 15, 1987, review of Agent of Byzantium, p. 1565; August, 1987, review of The Legion of Videssos, p. 1722; October 1, 1987, review of Swords of the Legion, p. 222; May 1, 1990, review of Kaleidoscope, p. 1688; May 15, 1990, review of A World of Difference, p. 1785; December 1, 1993, review of In the Balance, p. 678; January 1, 1996, Roland Green, review of Upsetting the Balance, p. 799; February 1, 1996, Roland Green, review of The Two Georges, p. 899; January, 1999, Roberta Johnston, review of Second Contact; March 1, 1999, Roland Green, review of Into the Darkness, p. 1104; May 15, 1999, Ray Olson, review of Into the Darkness; June 1, 1999, Roland Green, review of Walk in Hell; July, 1999, Roland Green, review of Household Gods; January 1, 2000, Roberta Johnson, review of Down to Earth; March 15, 2000, Roland Green, review of Darkness Descending, p. 1335; April 15, 2000, Roland Green, review of Breakthroughs, p. 1499; November 15, 2000, Roberta Johnson, review of Aftershocks, p. 588; February 15, 2001, Roland Green, review of Through the Darkness, p. 1086; March 15, 2001, Roland Green, review of The Best Military Science Fiction of the Twentieth Century, p. 1360; April 15, 2001, Roland Green, review of Blood and Iron, p. 1510, and Ray Olson, review of Breakthroughs, p. 1543; September 15, 2001, Roland Green, review of The Best Alternate History Stories of the Twentieth Century, p. 200; October 15, 2001, Ronald Green, review of Marching through Peachtree, p. 388; March 1, 2002, Roland Green, review of Rulers of the Darkness, p. 1053; April 14, 2002, review of The Guns of the South: A Novel of the Civil War, p. 1388; May 1, 2002, Roland Green, review of The Center Cannot Hold, p. 1445; July, 2002, John Mort, review of Alternate Generals II, p. 1831, and Worlds That Weren't, p. 1833; October 1, 2002, Ronald Green, review of Ruled Britannia, p. 276; November 1, 2002, Michele Leber, review of The Gryphon's Skull, p. 476; November 15, 2002, Roland Green, review of Advance and Retreat, p. 584; February 15, 2003, Roland Green, review of Jaws of Darkness, p. 1019; May 15, 2003, Roland Green, review of The Victorious Opposition, p. 1619; August, 2003, Roland Green, review of Conan of Venarium, p. 1969; September 1, 2003, Roland Green, review of In the Presence of Mine Enemies, p. 9; December 1, 2003, David Pitt, review of The Sacred Land, p. 647, and Roland Green, review of Gunpowder Empire, p. 656; February 1, 2004, Roland Green, review of Out of the Darkness, p. 933; April 15, 2004, Roland Green, review of The First Heroes: New Tales of the Bronze Age, p. 1432; July, 2004, Roland Green, review of Return Engagement, p. 1800; September 15, 2004, Roland Green, review of Days of Infamy, p. 180; October 15, 2004, Roland Green, reviews of Homeward Bound, p. 363, and Curious Notions, p. 395; December 1, 2005, Roland Green, review of In High Places, p. 32; December 15, 2005, Frieda Murray, review of The Bridge of the Separator, p. 31; April 1, 2006, Frieda Murray, review of Fort Pillow, p. 21; April 15, 2006, Roland Green, review of The Grapple, p. 6; February 15, 2007, Frieda Murray, review of Beyond the Gap, p. 46; May 1, 2007, Frieda Murray, review of The Gladiator, p. 78; June 1, 2007, Roland Green, review of In at the Death, p. 5; October 15, 2007, Roland Green, review of Opening Atlantis, p. 5.

Kirkus Reviews, May 1, 1987, review of Agent of Byzantium, p. 682; March 15, 1988, review of A Different Flesh, p. 417; August 1, 1992, review of The Guns of the South, p. 947; August 15, 2001, review of The Best Alternate History Stories of the Twentieth Century, p. 1176; March 15, 2002, review of Rulers of the Darkness, p. 373; April 15, 2002, review of The Guns of the South, p. 1388; September 15, 2002, review of The Gryphon's Skull, p. 1346; June 15, 2003, review of Conan of Venarium, p. 840; November 1, 2003, review of The Sacred Land, p. 1293; July 1, 2004, review of Return Engagement, p. 605; October 15, 2004, review of Owls to Athens, p. 983; November 1, 2004, review of Homeward Bound, p. 1032; September 15, 2005, review of End of the Beginning, p. 1001.

Kliatt, January, 2004, Sherry Hoy, review of Worlds That Weren't, p. 25; July, 2004, Sherry Hoy, review of Alternate Generals II, p. 33; March, 2005, Sherry Hoy, review of Gunpowder Empire, p. 29.

Library Journal, April 15, 1988, Jackie Cassada, review of Isaac Asimov Presents a Different Flesh, p. 98; September 1, 1992, Anne Keenan, review of The Guns of the South, p. 217; November 15, 1993, Jackie Cassada, review of In the Balance, p. 102; December, 1995, Jackie Cassada, review of Upsetting the Balance, p. 163; January, 1999, Jackie Cassada, review of Second Contact, p. 165; March 15, 1999, Jackie Cassada, review of Into the Darkness, p. 112; August, 1999, Jackie Cassada, reviews of Household Gods and Walk in Hell; January, 2000, Jackie Cassada, review of Down to Earth; April 15, 2000, Jackie Cassada, review of Darkness Descending, p. 126; May 15, 2000, Jackie Cassada, review of Breakthroughs, p. 129; September 15, 2000, Jackie Cassada, review of Sentry Peak, p. 118; February 15, 2001, Jackie Cassada, review of Aftershocks, p. 205; May 15, 2001, Jackie Cassada, review of Through the Darkness, p. 111, Fred M. Gervat, review of Over the Wine-Dark Sea, p. 162, and Jackie Cassada, review of The Best Military Science Fiction of the Twentieth Century, p. 167; November 15, 2001, Jackie Cassada, review of Marching through Peachtree, p. 101; April 15, 2002, Jackie Cassada, review of Rulers of the Darkness, p. 128; April 15, 2002, Jackie Cassada, review of Rulers of the Darkness, p. 128; July, 2002, Jackie Cassada, review of The Center Cannot Hold, p. 127; November 15, 2002, Jackie Cassada, review of Ruled Britannia, p. 105; June 15, 2003, Jackie Cassada, review of The Victorious Opposition, p. 106; August, 2003, Jackie Cassada, review of Conan of Venarium, p. 142; December, 2003, Jackie Cassada, review of Gunpowder Empire, p. 173; March 15, 2004, Jackie Cassada, review of Out of the Darkness, p. 111; May 15, 2004, Jackie Cassada, review of The First Heroes, p. 119; October 15, 2004, Jackie Cassada, review of Days of Infamy, p. 57; May 1, 2006, Robert Conroy, review of Fort Pillow, p. 84; January 1, 2007, Jackie Cassada, review of Beyond the Gap, p. 101; July 1, 2007, Jackie Cassada, review of In at the Death, p. 82; October 15, 2007, Jackie Cassada, review of Opening Atlantis, p. 58.

Locus, June, 1990, review of A World of Difference, p. 33; March, 1991, review of Krispos Rising, p. 60; October, 1991, review of Earthgrip, pp. 31, 56; February, 1994, review of The Case of the Toxic Spell Dump, p. 75; April, 1994, review of Agent of Byzantium, pp. 23-24.

M2Best Books, October 3, 2002, review of Worlds That Weren't.

Publishers Weekly, January 23, 1987, John Mutter, review of The Misplaced Legion, p. 66; May 22, 1987, Sybil Steinberg, review of Agent of Byzantium, p. 69; March 18, 1988, Sybil Steinberg, review of A Different Flesh, p. 76; March 16, 1990, Penny Kaganoff, review of Kaleidoscope, p. 66; January 11, 1991, Penny Kaganoff, review of Krispos Rising, p. 98; August 24, 1992, review of The Guns of the South, p. 63; December 6, 1993, review of In the Balance, p. 60; February 20, 1995, review of Tilting the Balance, p. 200; January 22, 1996, review of Upsetting the Balance, p. 61; February 5, 1996, review of The Two Georges, p. 80; March 22, 1999, review of Into the Darkness, p. 74; July 26, 1999, review of Walk in Hell; August 23, 1999, review of Household Gods; January 24, 2000, review of Down to Earth; April 3, 2000, review of Darkness Descending, p. 66; July 24, 2000, review of Breakthroughs, p. 74; September 4, 2000, review of Sentry Peak, p. 90; February 5, 2001, review of Aftershocks, p. 72; February 19, 2001, review of Through the Darkness, p. 74; June 25, 2001, review of Over the Wine-Dark Sea, p. 51; July 16, 2001, review of Blood and Iron, p. 163; March 18, 2002, review of Rulers of the Darkness, p. 83; October 21, 2002, review of Ruled Britannia, p. 59; November 25, 2002, review of The Gryphon's Skull, p. 44, and review of Advance and Retreat, p. 47; March 10, 2003, review of Jaws of Darkness, p. 58; July 7, 2003, review of The Victorious Opposition, p. 57; October 20, 2003, review of In the Presence of Mine Enemies, p. 39; November 17, 2003, review of Gunpowder Empire, p. 49; February 23, 2004, review of Out of the Darkness, p. 56; April 5, 2004, review of The First Heroes, p. 46; July 19, 2004, review of Return Engagement, p. 149; October 11, 2004, review of Days of Infamy, p. 60; November 29, 2004, review of Homeward Bound, p. 27; March 28, 2005, review of Alternate Generals III, p. 61; June 6, 2005, review of Drive to the East, p. 44; September 26, 2005, review of End of the Beginning, p. 67; October 31, 2005, review of In High Places, p. 36; May 8, 2006, review of The Grapple, p. 50; July 17, 2006, review of The Disunited States of America, p. 141; December 4, 2006, review of Beyond the Gap, p. 39; January 1, 2007, review of Every Inch a King, p. 35; April 23, 2007, review of The Gladiator, p. 34; June 4, 2007, review of In at the Death, p. 33; October 1, 2007, review of Opening Atlantis, p. 41.

School Library Journal, March, 2002, Christine C. Menefee, review of The Best Alternate History Stories of the Twentieth Century, p. 261; May, 2003, Christine C. Menefee, review of Ruled Britannia, p. 180.

Tribune Books (Chicago, IL), May 18, 2003, review of Jaws of Darkness, p. 2.

Voice of Youth Advocates, June, 1992, review of Earthgrip, p. 116.

ONLINE

Science Fiction Weekly,http://www.scifi.com (February 13, 2008), Cristopher Hennessey-DeRose and Michael McCar, interview with Harry Turtledove.

SF Site,http://www.sfsite.com/ (February 13, 2008), biography of Harry Turtledove.