Arc International

views updated

Arc International

41 av du General de Gaulle
Arques
France
Telephone: +33 03 21 93 00 00
Fax: +33 03 21 38 06 23
Web site: http://www.arc-international.com

Private Company
Incorporated: 1825 as Verrerie Cristallerie d'Arques
Employees: 17,000
Sales: EUR 1. 3 billion ($1.44 billion) (2003)
NAIC: 327213 Glass Container Manufacturing; 327212 Other Pressed and Blown Glass and Glassware Manufacturing; 327215 Glass Product Manufacturing Made of Purchased Glass

Arc International is the world's leading producer of glass-ware and stemware. Based in Arques, France, Arc International produces more than six million pieces per year in six production sites, including two in France, and one each in the United States, Spain, Italy, the United Arab Emirates, and China. The company's brands include the consumer brands Luminarc, Cristal d'Arques, Salviati, Studio Nova, and Mikasa, allowing the company to cover every tableware segment, from luxury to low end. The company also markets products through the Arcoroc brand, targeting the professional restaurant and catering sector. The company's U.S.-based Mikasa subsidiary, acquired in 2000, provides the group with a network of nearly 170 retail stores, and in the mid-2000s the company has begun expanding the Mikasa brand to the European market. In addition to Mikasa, Arc has taken control of its distribution operations, acquiring its distributors in France, the United States, The Netherlands, the United Kingdom, Spain, and Portugal. In 2005, the company created a new distribution joint venture for Japan in partnership with its long-term distributor there. Arc International remains controlled by the Durand family, which has been involved in the company since the late 19th century and has owned the company outright since the 1920s. Philippe Durand is company chairman.

Crystal Origins in the 19th Century

The village of Arques, in the north of France, began its association with glassmaking in the early 19th century, with the rise of demand for a new type of bottle, the "dames jeannes." Known as demijohns in English, the new bottle featured large bodies with narrow necks, and the largest were capable of holding as much as 20 and even 50 liters. Used for storing cognac and wine and other liquids, demand for the bottles quickly outstripped supply. In the 1820s, two entrepreneurs in the Artois region, near Saint Omer and Calais, decided to set up their own glassworks.

The first of these was built by Charles Carpentier in Saint Martin au Laert, and began production in 1823. Two years later, a new glassworks was built nearby in Arques, by Alexander des Lyons de Noircarme. The following year, the two sites were merged into a single company, Verrerie des Sept Ecluses. In 1869, the glassworks was acquired by another glassworks operating in Arques, and then renamed as Verrerie Cristallerie d'Arques in 1892.

Verrerie Cristallerie d'Arques was placed under the management of Georges Durand in 1897. Then just 27, Durand had already been active in the glassmaking industry, having worked for three years at another glassmaker, the Cristallerie de Sèvres. By 1916, Durand had bought Verrerie Cristallerie d'Arques outright.

Into the 1920s, the Arques glassworks remained a fairly small business focused on the French market, with just 350 employees at the end of the decade. The arrival of Durand's son, Jacques Durand, as head of the company in 1927 signaled the start of its growth into the world's leading manufacturer of glass tableware. The younger Durand recognized the potential for introducing new production methods to the French glass industry. In 1930, Jacques Durand took a trip to the United States, visiting glassmakers there. During that trip, Durand discovered new mechanical production techniques, including the use of tank furnaces. Returning to France, Durand decided to expand the Arques works, installing the company's first tank furnace, as well as three automatic presses and the first mechanical blowing machine. The investment, completed in 1933, enabled Durand to launch large-scale production, a first in the French market.

The outbreak of World War II temporarily suspended the company's expansion. Instead, the company focused its efforts on designing and developing new glass presses, which the company installed in 1947. Three years later, the company returned to the United States, bringing back a new generation glass-blowing machine. The adoption of the new production equipment and processes enabled the Arques site to become the most modern glass production site in Europe. In 1948, the company launched its first consumer-oriented brand name, Luminarc, which quickly became its flagship mid-priced brand.

JG Durand, as the company became known, also emerged as an important innovator in its own right. In 1958, the company became the first to automate the production of opaque "opal" glass, which was launched under the brand name Arcopal. Two years later, the company achieved another first, with the implementation of an automatic process for the production of stemware. Whereas elsewhere in the industry the joining of a glass bowl to its stem was still carried out manually, Durand's process made it possible for the two parts to be fused mechanically, vastly speeding up the production process while dramatically lowering the cost of production. By placing stemware on store shelves at prices far below those of its competitors, the company rapidly gained a leading share of the international market.

Durand also captured a significant share of the professional market. In 1963, the company introduced its industrial tempering process, making its glasses more resistant to breakage. This development formed the basis for the launch of a new brand, Arcoroc, dedicated to the professional restaurant and catering sectors. During the 1960s, Durand also began targeting expansion into the United States, launching sales through local distributors. In 1968, the company set up its own distribution subsidiary for the U.S. market.

International Success in the 1960s

The new subsidiary was established in large part to support the company's true breakthrough, which came at the end of the decade. In 1968, the company became the first in the world to develop a method for automating the production of lead crystal. Launched under the brand name Crystal d'Arques (Longchamps in the United States), the company's new line of crystal stemware quickly swept over the market. Whereas traditionally lead crystal stemware sold at $25 per stem, Durand's stemware boasted prices as low as $6 per stem.

The success of the Longchamps stemware line helped establish Durand as a worldwide market leader, and also contributed to a revolution in the glassware industry in general. Whereas previously crystal tableware had been luxury items reserved for special occasions, the automation of lead crystal production placed crystal stemware within the realm of everyday consumer products.

Durand made a strategic move to back up its growing sales in the United States, launching a production subsidiary in 1979. Located in Millville, New Jersey, the subsidiary, Durand Glass Manufacturing Company, launched production in 1982. In the meantime, the company had expanded its production to Spain, acquiring, in 1980, full control of a production joint venture initially established in partnership with Saint Gobain in 1971.

Durand also expanded its brand offerings. In 1983, the company launched a high-end line, named JG Durand, to complement its existing Longchamps and Crystal d'Arques brands. By then, the company had become a truly international operation, posting more than 75 percent of its sales outside of France. The United States had become one of the country's single largest markets, accounting for 15 percent of the group's total revenues.

World Leader in the New Century

Jacques Durand remained in control of the company into the 1980s, joined by son Philippe in 1973. The younger Durand began to take over the group's direction in 1990. Nonetheless, Jacques Durand continued to lead the company until his death in 1997. In 50 years, Durand had successfully transformed the company from a small, locally focused business to the world's leading maker of glass stemware, with more than 16,000 employees and sales to more than 130 countries.

Nonetheless, the company found itself faced with growing competition as it approached the 21st century. Philippe Durand now became determined to extend the group's operation, launching a new line of porcelain items, as well as taking control of the group's distribution. Durand also sought to reposition the company's portfolio of brand names.

That latter effort led the company, in 1999, to make its first brand acquisition, of Italy's Salviati. Founded in 1856, Salviati produced high-end glassware using traditional handmade and mouth-blown techniques—taking Durand full circle, as it were. The following year, the company reached an agreement with Nanjing Glass Factory to form a distribution joint venture for the Chinese market.

The year 2000, however, marked a more significant milestone for the company. In that year, Durand reached an agreement to acquire U.S. tableware brand and retailer Mikasa for $280 million. The deal not only gave Durand control of the highly popular Mikasa and Studio Nova brands, but also the company's network of 167 Mikasa retail stores. Mikasa was founded in 1948 as American Commercial, serving as first an importer and later wholesaler of dinnerware. The company launched its own Mikasa-branded line of dinnerware in 1957. In the 1970s, the company expanded its line to include stemware and flatware, as well as gifts and other home furnishings. The expanded line supported Mikasa's entry into the retail sector, with the opening of a first outlet store in 1978.

Company Perspectives:

World tableware leader

Created in 1825 as a small, traditional glassmaking workshop in Arques, France, the Arc International Group has, at the initiative of its leaders, risen to the new challenges of an international market. The official change in name and identity took place in 2000, reflecting the group's new position as world leader in all areas of the tableware industry. The group achieved turnover of 1.2 billion euro in 2004.

Following the merger, Durand changed its name, becoming Arc International. The addition of Mikasa had boosted the company's sales by some $400 million. It also had transformed the company's geographic focus, raising the share of the United States markets to more than 50 percent of the total group sales.

In the meantime, the success of Arc's joint venture in China had encouraged the company to branch out into the production market there as well. In 2001, the company announced its intention to launch a new production facility in China. The company continued in its effort to transfer part of its production overseas. This effort came in large part in response to the increasing inroads of low-cost producers into the company's core European and U.S. markets. Yet the company's decision to step up its foreign production also came in support of its effort to target sales to the Middle East and Asian markets. In 2003, the company added a new production unit, this time in the United Arab Emirates, with the purchase of 80 percent of RAK Glass from PAK Ceramics in Ras al Khaimah.

Into the mid-2000s, Arc put into place another prong of its growth strategy, that of taking control of its international distribution operations. The company began acquiring its foreign distributors, many of which had worked with the company for several decades. In 2003, the company acquired its distributors in the United Kingdom and Spain, followed by the purchase of its four French distributors, regrouped as Arc International France in 2004. The company continued its distribution acquisitions into 2005, acquiring U.S. distributor Cardinal International and Dutch distributor Glasheinz, and forming a new joint venture with its distributor in Japan.

As it completed the consolidation of its distribution network, Arc returned its attention to developing its brand portfolio. In 2003, the company launched an effort to introduce the Mikasa brand to the European market, opening its first factory outlet stores. In late 2005, the company began negotiating with Newell Rubbermaid to acquire the Portland, Maine-based company's European business, Newell Cookware Europe, as well as the European, African, and Middle East license for the Pyrex and Vitri brands. Arc International inherited more than 170 years of glasswares history—and raised its own glass for continued growth in the new century.

Principal Subsidiaries

ARC Distribution France; Arc Glassware Nanjing (China); Arc International Middle East (United Arab Emirates); Arc International North America (United States); ARC International Tableware UK; Art Glass Manufacturer Salviati (Italy); Cardinal International (United States); Durand Glass Manufacturing Company (United States); La Vajilla Eneriz (Spain); Mikasa (United States); Vidrieria Cristalleria de Lamiaco (Spain).

Principal Competitors

Compagnie de Saint-Gobain; Owens-Illinois Inc.; OSRAM GmbH; Schott Glas; Nipro Corporation; Belopal AD; Turkiye Sise ve Cam Fabrikalari A.S.; Vereenigde Glasfabrieken N.V.; Cristaleria Peldar S.A.; Nihon Yamamura Glass Company Ltd.

Key Dates:

1823:: Charles Carpentier founds a glassworks in Saint Martin au Laert to produce "dames jeannes" bottles.
1825:: Alexander des Lyons de Noircarme founds a glassworks in Arques.
1826:: Both glassworks merge as Verrerie des Sept Ecluses.
1869:: Verrerie des Sept Ecluses is sold to new owners.
1892:: The company is renamed as Verrerie Cristallerie d'Arques.
1897:: Georges Durand becomes manager of the Arques works.
1916:: Georges Durand buys Verrerie Cristallerie d'Arques.
1927:: Jacques Durand succeeds his father as head of the company.
1933:: The company installs the first tank furnace and automatic presses in Europe.
1948:: The Luminarc brand is launched.
1950:: The company installs the first automatic blowing machine in Europe.
1960:: The company debuts a mechanical stemware fusing system.
1968:: A U.S. distribution subsidiary is opened; an automatic lead crystal production system is launched.
1971:: The company forms a production joint venture with Saint Gobain in Spain.
1979:: A U.S. production subsidiary is founded.
1980:: The company acquires 100 percent control of a production unit in Spain.
1997:: Jacques Durand dies, and Philippe Durand becomes head of the company.
1999:: Salviati, in Italy, becomes the company's first brand acquisition; a distribution joint venture is formed in China.
2000:: The company acquires Mikasa in the United States; the company name is changed to Arc International.
2001:: The company announces the launch of production in China.
2005:: Newell Cookware Europe and licenses for the Pyrex and Vitri brands are acquired.