Verbatim Corporation

views updated May 23 2018

Verbatim Corporation

1200 W.T. Harris Boulevard
Charlotte, North Carolina 28262
U.S.A.
(704) 547-6500
Fax: (704) 547-6565

Wholly Owned Subsidiary of Mitsubishi Kasei Corporation
Incorporated:
1969 as Information Terminals Corporation
Employees: 1,300
Sales: $290 million
SICs: 3695 Magnetic & Optical Recording Media

One of the worlds leading image and data storage media technology developers, Verbatim Corporation was one of the first manufacturers in the floppy disk industry, making its start several years after its founding in 1969. By virtue of a licensing agreement reached by the companys founder with International Business Machines (IBM), Verbatim began manufacturing floppy disks in the early 1970s, then went on to secure a dominant position in a market that would become intensely competitive. Based in Charlotte, North Carolina, Verbatim operated production facilities and sales offices throughout the world.

By the mid-1960s Reid Anderson had already devoted much of his life to his professional career. During the 1940s and 1950s, Anderson had spent 17 years working for Bell Laboratories developing electronic switching and storage devices, then moved on to NCR Corporation, spending two years there before arriving at the Stanford Research Institute, where he developed new products for an additional five years. Aged 46 when he ended his stay at Stanford Research Institute, Anderson was an unlikely candidate for entering into the frequently disappointing world of entrepreneurship, but in 1964 he did just that, leaving his position at Stanford Research Institute to start his own company. Although it would be another five years before Anderson pointed himself in the right direction, his first fateful steps in 1964 would lead to the founding of one of the worlds preeminent companies in the computer disk industry.

While employed at Stanford Research Institute, Anderson had been working on developing new products for an assortment of companies, essentially starting new businesses for various companies, as he would later reflect to Forbes. His entrepreneurial spirit aroused, Anderson used a transistorized metronome-tuner he had designed to launch his own small business making metronomes for musicians like himself, an amateur clarinet player. The confluence of hobby and profession worked well, but after three years Anderson came to the realization that he had exhausted the market for metronomes in his area and, consequently, began looking for another business opportunity.

Following his three-year metronome venture, Anderson teamed up with a business consultant named Ray Jacobson and formed Anderson Jacobson, which produced acoustic data couplers, devices that permitted computer data to be transmitted over telephone lines. Before long, however, Anderson was drawn to the lucrative possibilities of another product. After recalling his years at Bell Laboratories when he worked on the development of magnetized tape in cassettes, Anderson was hopeful that the relatively new technology employed in the production of magnetized cassette tape would realize tremendous financial gains for a savvy entrepreneur. Anderson approached his business cohort about the idea of changing their product line, but Jacobson balked at the proposal, leaving it up to Anderson to launch the business himself.

The year was 1969 and Anderson was in his fifties, preparing to establish his own company after two less-than-spectacular efforts. He borrowed money from a bank and convinced several friends and relatives to loan him additional cash, giving him enough capital to found Information Terminals, which would be renamed Verbatim and develop into the largest manufacturer of magnetic computer floppy disks in the world. Before Andersons fledgling company would begin its meteoric rise, however, one essential ingredient needed to be added: Information Terminals had been founded to manufacture data cassettes, not floppy disks. Anderson made the pivotal switch to that product four years after starting Information Terminals when he realized data cassettes would soon be outdated by faster 8-inch floppy disks. Floppy disks, which were used for recording, storing, and retrieving computerized data, were a revolutionary product first introduced by IBM in 1973. Anderson approached IBM, asking the behemoth company if he could license the new floppy disk technology, and IBM, more concerned with selling its expensive computers than selling five-dollar disks, agreed.

Annual sales at Andersons Sunnyvale, California-based company before and after the licensing agreement with IBM provided ample and tangible proof of the boon floppy disk production represented. Sales in 1972 were a respectable $480,000, but two years later Andersons signal licensing agreement with IBM had driven his companys annual revenue total to $4.3 million. Earnings had spiraled upward as well, enabling Verbatim to net more than half of what it had grossed two years earlier. Among the companys products were 8-inch floppy disks and 5.25-inch floppy disks, both of which would drive Verbatims annual sales upward during the 1970s. By 1976, the companys annual sales had nearly tripled in two years time, jumping to $12 million. Three years later, in 1979, the same year Verbatim became a publicly owned company, annual sales surged to $36 million, and the following year sales eclipsed the $50 million mark.

Verbatims growth during the 1970s had been incredibly vigorous, transcending Andersons hopeful expectations and outstripping all other floppy disk manufacturers, but as the 1980s began Verbatim became a victim of its own success. Rapid expansion had engendered a sprawling, loosely organized management structure. Uninhibited success, which had flourished for a decade, bred a debilitating complacency, and quickly the company found itself in trouble. Annual sales, which had swelled exponentially ever since Anderson approached IBM about obtaining a licensing agreement, recorded only a modest gain at the beginning of the 1980s, inching from $50 million in 1980 to $53 million in 1981, one year after earnings had plunged 43 percent.

At the heart of Verbatims lackluster financial results were quality-control problems wrought by lackadaisical production management and over-confidence that the future would be as bright as the past. The company had let its guard down and customers started to complain, beginning in 1980 when problems with Verbatims floppy disks began to surface. Specifically, Verbatim had used an incorrect chemical formulation for the material used to coat their disks media base, which was exacerbated by additional problems with the protective liner used in the disks jackets. As the number of complaints mounted, Verbatim reeled and its once stalwart financial growth shuddered to a stop.

The company announced a massive recall of its faulty disks, establishing a $1.5 million reserve against returns, but a recall solved only one of the many problems that had spread throughout Verbatim. To eradicate the complacency that had deleteriously affected the company, Verbatims board of directors voted for wholesale changes, hiring Malcom Northrup, a technology manager at Rockwell Internationals semiconductor division, as chief executive in January 1981 and relegating Anderson to the chairmans office, which he would occupy temporarily before making his final exit from the company he had created. In the wake of this major change in leadership, Verbatims manufacturing and testing procedures were improved and automated, giving birth to a new high-quality Datalife line of disks, which were sold with a five-year guarantee, the first in the industry.

With a new production management team installed and quality-control procedures revamped, Verbatim surged back, recording a robust gain in annual sales from $53 million in 1981 to $85 million in 1983, particularly encouraging in light of the recessionary economic conditions characterizing the early 1980s. By 1983, Verbatim was touting itself as the worlds largest supplier of floppy disks, supported by production facilities in the United States, Ireland, Australia, and Japan. The companys embarrassing episode with its customers had taught management a lesson, leading Verbatim to completely restructure its sales and distribution network to develop retail business, focusing on the end-user rather than distributors, software companies, and other manufacturers. As an essential part of this important strategic shift, the company launched a $4 million promotional effort in 1983, aiming its sales pitch directly at secretaries, small-business owners, educators, researchers, and computer aficionados, an audience Verbatim had previously ignored.

After the sweeping changes were completed, Verbatim once again stood on stable ground. The company trailed only IBM in the market for 8-inch disks, but held a commanding lead in the larger 5.25-inch market, making it the overall industry leader as the industry itself was set to expand substantially. In 1983 the floppy disk industry represented a $500 million market, a total that was expected to eclipse $1 billion by 1985 and reach $4 billion by the end of the decade. Considering Verbatims number-one position in the industry and that floppy disk sales accounted for roughly 85 percent of its sales, growth prognostications such as those published in 1983 spurred expectations that the company would record commensurate growth. Ahead, however, were troubled years for Verbatim as floppy disk manufacturers became involved in a high-priced race to pioneer technological developments and as a global price war weeded out all but the strongest.

In 1985 Eastman Kodak Co., like numerous other large corporations, wanted to expedite its entry into the floppy disk business and share in the enormous profits that were expected to come. The company had introduced its own line of 8-, 5.25-, and 3.5-inch disks in late 1984, forming its Electronic Media Manufacturing division to superintend new business, but time was crucial and the company needed to quicken the pace. The acquisition of Verbatim presented Eastman Kodak with an opportunity to do so. In March 1985, Eastman Kodak announced its $174 million bid for Verbatim, promising to retain the companys management after its acquisition and to operate the floppy disk manufacturer as a wholly owned subsidiary.

Verbatim, meanwhile, had once again fallen on hard times, for painfully familiar reasons. Confusion about floppy disk media specifications for its largest customer, IBM, had led to the cancellation of future orders. This cancellation compounded the companys other ails, as laggard personal computer sales led to declining operating results for Verbatim. The company laid off 400 employees the week before Eastman Kodak announced its intention to acquire Verbatim, leading industry observers to speculate that Verbatim had sought Eastman Kodak out, hoping a parent company could alleviate some of its financial problems; however, it was never confirmed who approached whom first.

As the decade progressed, with Verbatim now operating as part of Eastman Kodaks Mass Memory unit, the floppy disk market became increasingly competitive, particularly because of the rapid rise of Japanese floppy disk manufacturers. By 1988, Verbatim had had enough and filed a complaint with the U.S. Department of Commerce alleging that Japanese companies were violating U.S. trade laws by selling their 3.5-inch disks at prices well below fair market value. In response to the federal inquiry triggered by Verbatim, three major Japanese manufacturers, Sony Corp., Maxell Corp., and Kao Corp., increased the competitive and pricing pressures they were exerting on U.S. manufacturers by opening production facilities in the United States and doubling production capacity. Adding further to Verbatims difficulties were reported problems with the quality of its disks, which had been surfacing for a decade, preventing the company from securing large contracts with major software companies and computer manufacturers.

Against the backdrop of alleged dumping practices by Japanese manufacturers and Verbatims increasingly precarious position, Mitsubishi Kasei Corporation, a Japanese chemical conglomerate that also manufactured optical disks and other information products, was assuming a more aggressive posture, hoping to establish a greater presence in both the U.S. and Japanese floppy disk markets as the 1990s began. Concurrently, Eastman Kodak was implementing a billion-dollar divestiture program aimed at shedding its noncore businesses. The common denominator in each companys divergent strategies was Verbatim, a nonessential component of the Eastman Kodak empire and an attractive asset for the acquisitive-minded Mitsubishi Kasei Corp. In a transaction valued at an estimated $200 million, Mitsubishi Kasei acquired Verbatim in 1990, making Mitsubishi Kasei the largest competitor in the U.S. market for floppy disks and a considerably stronger global competitor with the absorption of Verbatims worldwide sales network.

With a new parent company supporting its growth, Verbatim entered the 1990s invigorated, intent on becoming a more well-rounded company. The acquisition of Carlisle Memory Products in 1992 and its entry in the memory card and CD-ROM markets helped to engender a significant transformation at Verbatim, as the company diversified from its mainstay floppy disk business to become what it termed the worlds largest media manufacturer. In the three years since its acquisition by Mitsubishi Kasei, the company had introduced more new image and data storage products than any other company, introducing five new product lines, featuring 16 entirely new products, in 1993 alone. On the heels of this pervasive diversification, Verbatim formed a joint venture with Sanyo Laser Products in October 1994, creating one of the largest independent CD-ROM and audio-CD producers in North America.

Despite Verbatims focus on developing innovative products and earning the reputation as one of the industrys premier manufacturers, competitive and pricing pressures continued to hound the company as it entered the mid-1990s. In November 1994, one month after forming its joint venture with Sanyo Laser Products, Verbatim laid off 100 employeesprimarily production workersat its Charlotte, North Carolina, facility. Conversely, the company established sales offices in Argentina, Chile, Columbia, and Venezuela in July 1994, hoping to capture a lucrative portion of the burgeoning South American computer market. Both Verbatims retreat in Charlotte and its expansion in South America were indicative of the tenuous ground occupied by even the industrys largest players in the global battle for dominance, the rigors of which were not expected to lessen as Verbatims management plotted their course for the remainder of the 1990s and beyond.

Further Reading

Isaac, Daniel, Verbatim Left Adrift as Disk Probe Brings Industry Sea Change, PC Week, February 20, 1989, p. 65.

Kodak Offers $ 174M in Bid for Verbatim, Electronic News, March 18, 1985, p. 20.

MKC Slims Down and Beefs Up, Chemical Week, April 4, 1990, p. 10.

Shipley, Chris, Verbatim Lays Off 400, PC Week, November 12, 1985, p. 184.

Verbatim: Taking Charge of Change, Managing Office Technology, July 1993, p. 71.

Verna, Paul, Sanyo Forms Venture with Verbatim, Billboard, October 15, 1994, p. 86.

Weigner, Kathleen K., The One That Almost Got Away, Forbes, January 31, 1983, p. 46.

Wingis, Chuck, Verbatim Widens Its View of Expanding Floppy Disc Field, Advertising Age, March 21, 1983, p. 4.

Jeffrey L. Covell

Verbatim Corporation

views updated May 18 2018

Verbatim Corporation

1200 W.T. Harris Boulevard
Charlotte, North Carolina 28262
U.S.A.

Telephone: (704) 547-6500
Fax: (704) 547-6813
Web site: http://www.verbatim.com

Wholly Owned Subsidiary of Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation
Incorporated:
1969 as Information Terminals Corporation
Employees: 60
Sales: $130 million (2005)
NAIC: 334613 Magnetic and Optical Recording Media Manufacturing

One of the world's most recognized data storage technology developers, Verbatim Corporation was one of the first manufacturers in the floppy disk industry, making its start several years after its founding in 1969. By virtue of a licensing agreement reached by the company's founder with International Business Machines (IBM), Verbatim began manufacturing floppy disks in the early 1970s, and has kept pace with the ever-changing marketplace since that time. Based in Charlotte, North Carolina, Verbatim operates as a subsidiary of Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation. Its product line includes CD recordable media, DVD recordable media, printable media, LightScribe media, USB drives, memory cards, and printer supplies.

Early History

By the mid-1960s Reid Anderson had devoted much of his life to his professional career. During the 1940s and 1950s, Anderson had spent 17 years working for Bell Laboratories developing electronic switching and storage devices, then moved on to NCR Corporation, spending two years there before arriving at the Stanford Research Institute, where he developed new products for an additional five years. Aged 46 when he ended his stay at Stanford Research Institute, Anderson was an unlikely candidate for entering into the frequently disappointing world of entrepreneurship, but in 1964 he did just that, leaving his position at Stanford Research Institute to start his own company. Although it would be another five years before Anderson pointed himself in the right direction, his first fateful steps in 1964 would lead to the founding of one of the world's preeminent companies in the computer disk industry.

While employed at Stanford Research Institute, Anderson had been working on developing new products for an assortment of companies, "essentially starting new businesses for various companies," as he would later reflect to Forbes. His entrepreneurial spirit aroused, Anderson used a transistorized metronome-tuner he had designed to launch his own small business making metronomes for musicians like himself, an amateur clarinet player. The confluence of hobby and profession worked well, but after three years Anderson came to the realization that he had exhausted the market for metronomes in his area and, consequently, began looking for another business opportunity.

Following his three-year metronome venture, Anderson teamed up with a business consultant named Ray Jacobson and formed Anderson Jacobson, which produced acoustic data couplers, devices that permitted computer data to be transmitted over telephone lines. Before long, however, Anderson was drawn to the lucrative possibilities of another product. After recalling his years at Bell Laboratories when he worked on the development of magnetized tape in cassettes, Anderson was hopeful that the relatively new technology employed in the production of magnetized cassette tape would realize tremendous financial gains for a savvy entrepreneur. Anderson approached his business cohort about the idea of changing their product line, but Jacobson balked at the proposal, leaving it up to Anderson to launch the business himself.

The year was 1969 and Anderson was in his 50s, preparing to establish his own company after two less-than-spectacular efforts. He borrowed money from a bank and convinced several friends and relatives to loan him additional cash, giving him enough capital to found Information Terminals, which would be renamed Verbatim and develop into the largest manufacturer of magnetic computer floppy disks in the world. Before Anderson's fledgling company would begin its meteoric rise, however, one essential ingredient needed to be added: Information Terminals had been founded to manufacture data cassettes, not floppy disks. Anderson made the pivotal switch to that product four years after starting Information Terminals when he realized data cassettes would soon be outdated by faster 8-inch floppy disks. Floppy disks, which were used for recording, storing, and retrieving computerized data, were a revolutionary product first introduced by IBM in 1973. Anderson approached IBM, asking the behemoth company if he could license the new floppy disk technology, and IBM, more concerned with selling its expensive computers than selling $5 disks, agreed.

Explosive Growth in the 1970s Leads to Challenges

Annual sales at Anderson's Sunnyvale, California-based company before and after the licensing agreement with IBM provided ample and tangible proof of the boon floppy disk production represented. Sales in 1972 were a respectable $480,000, but two years later Anderson's signal licensing agreement with IBM had driven his company's annual revenue total to $4.3 million. Earnings had spiraled upward as well, enabling Verbatim to net more than half of what it had grossed two years earlier. Among the company's products were 8-inch floppy disks and 5.25-inch floppy disks, both of which would drive Verbatim's annual sales upward during the 1970s. By 1976, the company's annual sales had nearly tripled in two years' time, jumping to $12 million. Three years later, in 1979, the same year Verbatim became a publicly owned company, annual sales surged to $36 million, and the following year sales eclipsed the $50 million mark.

Verbatim's growth during the 1970s had been incredibly vigorous, transcending Anderson's hopeful expectations and outstripping all other floppy disk manufacturers, but as the 1980s began Verbatim became a victim of its own success. Rapid expansion had engendered a sprawling, loosely organized management structure. Uninhibited success, which had flourished for a decade, bred a debilitating complacency, and quickly the company found itself in trouble. Annual sales, which had swelled exponentially since Anderson approached IBM about obtaining a licensing agreement, recorded only a modest gain at the beginning of the 1980s, inching from $50 million in 1980 to $53 million in 1981, one year after earnings had plunged 43 percent.

At the heart of Verbatim's lackluster financial results were quality control problems wrought by lackadaisical production management and overconfidence that the future would be as bright as the past. The company had let its guard down and customers started to complain, beginning in 1980 when problems with Verbatim's floppy disks began to surface. Specifically, Verbatim had used an incorrect chemical formulation for the material used to coat their disks' media base, which was exacerbated by additional problems with the protective liner used in the disks' jackets. As the number of complaints mounted, Verbatim reeled and its once stalwart financial growth came to a stop.

The company announced a massive recall of its faulty disks, establishing a $1.5 million reserve against returns, but a recall solved only one of the many problems that had spread throughout Verbatim. To eradicate the complacency that had deleteriously affected the company, Verbatim's board of directors voted for wholesale changes, hiring Malcom Northrup, a technology manager at Rockwell International's semiconductor division, as chief executive in January 1981 and relegating Anderson to the chairman's office, which he would occupy temporarily before making his final exit from the company he had created. In the wake of this major change in leadership, Verbatim's manufacturing and testing procedures were improved and automated, giving birth to a new high-quality Datalife line of disks, which were sold with a five-year guarantee, the first in the industry.

Rebounding in the 1980s

With a new production management team installed and quality control procedures revamped, Verbatim surged back, recording a robust gain in annual sales from $53 million in 1981 to $85 million in 1983, particularly encouraging in light of the recessionary economic conditions characterizing the early 1980s. By 1983, Verbatim was touting itself as the world's largest supplier of floppy disks, supported by production facilities in the United States, Ireland, Australia, and Japan. The company's embarrassing episode with its customers had taught management a lesson, leading Verbatim to completely restructure its sales and distribution network to develop retail business, focusing on the end-user rather than distributors, software companies, and other manufacturers. As an essential part of this important strategic shift, the company launched a $4 million promotional effort in 1983, aiming its sales pitch directly at secretaries, small-business owners, educators, researchers, and computer aficionados, an audience Verbatim had previously ignored.

After the sweeping changes were completed, Verbatim once again stood on stable ground. The company trailed only IBM in the market for 8-inch disks, but held a commanding lead in the larger 5.25-inch market, making it the overall industry leader as the industry itself was set to expand substantially. In 1983 the floppy disk industry represented a $500 million market, a total that was expected to eclipse $1 billion by 1985 and reach $4 billion by the end of the decade. Considering Verbatim's number-one position in the industry and that floppy disk sales accounted for roughly 85 percent of its sales, growth prognostications such as those published in 1983 spurred expectations that the company would record commensurate growth. Ahead, however, were troubled years for Verbatim as floppy disk manufacturers became involved in a high-priced race to pioneer technological developments and as a global price war weeded out all but the strongest.

Company Perspectives:

As a subsidiary of Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, a recognized world leader in the chemical and computer industries, Verbatim is ideally positioned to take advantage of changes in the market while continuing to challenge the frontiers of data storage.

The Eastman Kodak Purchase: 1985

In 1985 Eastman Kodak Co., like numerous other large corporations, wanted to expedite its entry into the floppy disk business and share in the enormous profits that were expected to come. The company had introduced its own line of 8-, 5.25-, and 3.5-inch disks in late 1984, forming its Electronic Media Manufacturing division to superintend new business, but time was crucial and the company needed to quicken the pace. The acquisition of Verbatim presented Eastman Kodak with an opportunity to do so. In March 1985, Eastman Kodak announced its $174 million bid for Verbatim, promising to retain the company's management after its acquisition and to operate the floppy disk manufacturer as a wholly owned subsidiary.

Verbatim, meanwhile, had once again fallen on hard times, for painfully familiar reasons. Confusion about floppy disk media specifications for its largest customer, IBM, had led to the cancellation of future orders. This cancellation compounded the company's other ails, as laggard personal computer sales led to declining operating results for Verbatim. The company laid off 400 employees the week before Eastman Kodak announced its intention to acquire Verbatim, leading industry observers to speculate that Verbatim had sought Eastman Kodak out, hoping a parent company could alleviate some of its financial problems; however, it was never confirmed who approached whom first.

As the decade progressed, with Verbatim now operating as part of Eastman Kodak's Mass Memory unit, the floppy disk market became increasingly competitive, particularly because of the rapid rise of Japanese floppy disk manufacturers. By 1988, Verbatim had enough and filed a complaint with the U.S. Department of Commerce alleging that Japanese companies were violating U.S. trade laws by selling their 3.5-inch disks at prices well below fair market value. In response to the federal inquiry triggered by Verbatim, three major Japanese manufacturers, Sony Corporation, Maxell Corporation, and Kao Corporation, increased the competitive and pricing pressures they were exerting on U.S. manufacturers by opening production facilities in the United States and doubling production capacity. Adding further to Verbatim's difficulties were reported problems with the quality of its disks, which had been surfacing for a decade, preventing the company from securing large contracts with major software companies and computer manufacturers.

Sale to Mitsubishi Chemical in 1990

Against the backdrop of alleged dumping practices by Japanese manufacturers and Verbatim's increasingly precarious position, Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, a Japanese chemical conglomerate that also manufactured optical disks and other information products, was assuming a more aggressive posture, hoping to establish a greater presence in both the U.S. and Japanese floppy disk markets as the 1990s began. Concurrently, Eastman Kodak was implementing a billion-dollar divestiture program aimed at shedding its noncore businesses. The common denominator in each company's divergent strategies was Verbatim, a nonessential component of the Eastman Kodak empire and an attractive asset for the acquisitive-minded Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation. In a transaction valued at an estimated $200 million, Mitsubishi Chemical acquired Verbatim in 1990, making Mitsubishi Chemical the largest competitor in the U.S. market for floppy disks and a considerably stronger global competitor with the absorption of Verbatim's worldwide sales network.

With a new parent company supporting its growth, Verbatim entered the 1990s invigorated, intent on becoming a more well-rounded company. The acquisition of Carlisle Memory Products in 1992 and its entry in the memory card and CD-ROM markets helped to engender a significant transformation at Verbatim, as the company diversified from its mainstay floppy disk business to become what it termed the world's largest media manufacturer. In the three years since its acquisition by Mitsubishi Chemical, the company had introduced more new image and data storage products than any other company, introducing five new product lines, featuring 16 entirely new products, in 1993 alone. On the heels of this pervasive diversification, Verbatim formed a joint venture with Sanyo Laser Products in October 1994, creating one of the largest independent CD-ROM and audio-CD producers in North America.

Despite Verbatim's focus on developing innovative products and earning the reputation as one of the industry's premier manufacturers, competitive and pricing pressures continued to hound the company as it entered the mid-1990s. In November 1994, one month after forming its joint venture with Sanyo Laser Products, Verbatim laid off 100 employeesprimarily production workersat its Charlotte, North Carolina, facility. Conversely, the company established sales offices in Argentina, Chile, Columbia, and Venezuela in July 1994, hoping to capture a lucrative portion of the burgeoning South American computer market. Both Verbatim's retreat in Charlotte and its expansion in South America were indicative of the tenuous ground occupied by even the industry's largest players in the global battle for dominance, the rigors of which were not expected to lessen as Verbatim's management plotted their course for the remainder of the decade.

The Late 1990s and Beyond

Verbatim went online in 1998, taking advantage of new opportunities afforded by the Internet. This move was particularly helpful to its Australian subsidiary, which used the Web to bolster sales and increase recognition. A Verbatim executive explained the initiative in a 1998 Practical Accountant article claiming, "Our company's electronic business strategy was to help us provide our network of distributors and resellers with a 24-hour virtual store, improve our staff productivity, and get ahead of the competition."

Key Dates:

1969:
Information Terminals, the predecessor to Verbatim, is created.
1979:
Verbatim goes public; sales grow to $36 million.
1985:
Eastman Kodak Co. announces its $174 million bid for Verbatim.
1990:
Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation acquires Verbatim.
1992:
The company buys Carlisle Memory Products.
2005:
Verbatim is ranked the leading supplier of recordable CD and DVD media in the world.

As part of Mitsubishi Chemical's Performance Products business segment, Verbatim entered the new millennium on solid ground. It continued to keep pace with ever-changing technology, offering new and innovative products under the Verbatim label. As CD and DVD burners gained popularity with personal computer users, the company put CD and DVD recordable media at the forefront of its product line. In 2003, the company launched its Digital Vinyl CD-R media. Each disc looked like a vinyl 45 recordthe label side of the CD-R was even grooved like a 45 record.

By 2005, Verbatim was ranked the leading supplier of recordable CD and DVD media in the world by independent research firm Santa Clara Consulting Group (SCCG). According to the firm, Verbatim and its Japanese counterpart, Mitsubishi Kagaku Media, held 12.1 percent of the CD-R market and14.6 percent of the recordable DVD market. As the leader, Verbatim stood in an enviable position. A May 2005 Business Wire explained, "The market for recordable CD and DVD media is being driven by the growing demand for DVD burners that write to both CD and DVD media. SCCG forecasts the worldwide installed base of DVD writers will grow from less than 100 million to over 180 million by the end of 2005. With CDs playing a vital role for recording personal music, photos and home videos, analysts expect the market for CD media to be fairly stable in the coming years." The market for DVD media was expected to increase at a more rapid ratefrom 1.4 billion in 2004 to more than 3.1 billion in 2005.

During this time period, Verbatim was known throughout the industry for often being first to market new products, including higher-speed media; double-layer discs, which included more storage space; VideoGard hard coat technology; and unique products like DigitalMovie DVDs, which looked like movie reels. It also launched Blu-ray and High Definition DVD (HD-DVD) recordable and rewritable media in anticipation of the release of high definition drives and recorders in late 2005. As the leading supplier of media storage products, Verbatim stood on familiar ground. The company had learned from the mistakes of the 1970s and 1980s, however, and had emerged as a solid, customer-friendly company. Indeed, Verbatim appeared poised for growth in the years to come.

Principal Competitors

Hitachi Maxell Ltd.; Sony Corporation; TDK Corporation.

Further Reading

"Case Study: Verbatim Picks Accpac," Practical Accountant, November 1998, p. S7.

Isaac, Daniel, "Verbatim Left Adrift as Disk Probe Brings Industry Sea Change," PC Week, February 20, 1989, p. 65.

"Kodak Offers $174M in Bid for Verbatim," Electronic News, March 18, 1985, p. 20.

"MKC Slims Down and Beefs Up," Chemical Week, April 4, 1990,p. 10.

Nathans, Stephen F., "The Editor's Spin," Emedia, January 2003, p. 8.

Shipley, Chris, "Verbatim Lays Off 400," PC Week, November 12, 1985, p. 184.

"Verbatim Increases Lead in Recordable and Rewritable CD and DVD Media Markets," Business Wire, May 31, 2005.

"Verbatim/MKM Announces Development Plans for Blu-ray and HD-DVD Media," Business Wire, January 4, 2005.

"Verbatim: Taking Charge of Change," Managing Office Technology, July 1993, p. 71.

Verna, Paul, "Sanyo Forms Venture with Verbatim," Billboard, October 15, 1994, p. 86.

Weigner, Kathleen K., "The One That Almost Got Away," Forbes, January 31, 1983, p. 46.

Wingis, Chuck, "Verbatim Widens Its View of Expanding 'Floppy Disc' Field," Advertising Age, March 21, 1983, p. 4.

Jeffrey L. Covell
update: Christina M. Stansell

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