Bill Cosby 1937–

Comedian, actor, author

At a Glance…

Confronted With Tragedy

Selected writings

Sources

Bill Cosby, one of television’s funniest and most popular co-medic actors, has spent his long career making people laugh. Cosby first gained prominence as a comedian in the early 1960s, when he vaulted from telling jokes in Philadelphia night-spots to the top of the nightclub circuit and then to television. Cosby became the first African American to star in a television drama when he appeared on I Spy in 1965. In the 1980s, in the role of Dr. Heathcliff Huxtable, he headed television’s first educated, middle-class African American family in the wildly successful The Cosby Show. Though best known for his television appearances, Cosby has made more than 20 comedy albums, appeared in films, published a string of humorous books, and pitched products for Jell-O, Kodak, and a variety of other companies.

Cosby’s humor springs from life’s absurdities. As a young comic, he told long funny stories about his childhood in Philadelphia and his experiences at Temple University. In the 1970s and 1980s, he wove humorous yarns from family events, such as a child’s trip to the dentist. In the 1990s, he addressed aging and the consequences of raising wealthy children.

William Henry Cosby, Jr., was born in 1937 in the German-town district of North Philadelphia. He grew up in the all-African American Richard Allen housing project where his mother, Anna Cosby, struggled to raise him and his younger brothers, Russell and Robert. His father, William Cosby, Sr., served as a mess steward in the U.S. Navy and was away for months at a time. As a child, Cosby loved comedy radio shows. “I always listened for the comedy,” he told the Los Angeles Times: “Jack Benny, Burns & Allen, Jimmy Durante, Fred Allen…. When comedy was on, I was just happy to be alive.” By the fifth grade, Cosby was getting up in front of his class and making everybody laugh, including his teacher.

Cosby’s high IQ led teachers to place him in a class for gifted students, but outside interests eventually derailed his school career. Between work and playing football, basketball, baseball, and running track, he found little time for schoolwork. When Cosby was told that he would have to repeat the tenth grade at Germantown High, he dropped out. “The truth is,” he recalled in the Los Angeles Times, “I’d just grown very tired of myself and thought perhaps there was a career for me in the

At a Glance…

Born William Henry Cosby, Jr., July 12, 1937, in Germantown, PA; son of William Henry, Sr. (a U.S. Navy mess steward) and Anna (a domestic worker) Cosby; married Camille Hanks, January 25, 1964; children: Erika, Erinn, Ennis (deceased), Ensa, Evin. Education: Attended Temple University, 1961-62; University of Massachusetts, MA., 1972, Ed.D., 1977. Military service: U.S. Navy, 1956-60.

Career: Actor, comedian, recording artist, author. Nightclub comedian, 1963-. Television actor, appearing in Spy, 1965-68, The Bill Cosby Show, 1969-71, The Copy Show, 1984-92, The Cosby Mysteries, 1994; and Cosby, 1996-; creator of children’s animated series Fat Albert and the Cosby Kids, 1972-79 and The New Fat Albert Show, 1979-84; host of You Bet Your Life, 1992-93. Film appearances include roles in Uptown Saturday Night, 1974; Let’s Do It Again, 1975; Mother, Juggs & Speed, 1976; California Suite, 1978; The Devil and Max Devlin, 1981; Leonard Part VI, 1987; and Ghost Dad, 1990. Commercial spokesperson for Jell-O Pudding, Kodak Film, and other products; creator of the ’’Little Bill” children’s book series, 1997-.

Member: United Negro College Fund; NAACP; Operation PUSH; Sickle CellFoundation.

Awards: Eight Grammy awards for best comedy album; four Emmy awards; NAACP Image Award; Golden Globe Award; four People’s Choice awards; Academy of Television Arts and Sciences Hall of Fame inductee, 1994; Kennedy Center Awards Honoree, 1998.

Addresses: Office— P.O. Box 4049, Santa Monica, CA 90404, Agent—The Brokaw Co., 9255 Sunset Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90069.

service. If you stayed in for 20 years, you knew at least you’d get a certain amount of money for the rest of your life.” Cosby enlisted in the Navy in 1956.

Away from school, Cosby realized the importance of an education and used his four years in the Navy to prepare for the day when he would continue his schooling. Cosby learned physical therapy, traveled around the western hemisphere, and earned a high school equivalency diploma through correspondence courses. In 1961, at the age of 23, Cosby won a track and field scholarship to Temple University.

For two years, Cosby studied physical education, ran track, and played right halfback on Temple’s football team. During his sophomore year, however, Cosby got his first job telling jokes while tending bar at a Philadelphia coffeehouse called the Cellar. His salary was five dollars a night. According to Cosby, this was the real beginning of his comedy career. “I understood that if people enjoy conversation with the bartender, they leave tips,” he told the Los Angeles Times “So I began collecting jokes, and learning how to work them up, stretch them out.”

From the Cellar he moved to a Philadelphia nightclub called the Underground and finally, in the spring of 1962, to New York City’s Greenwich Village, where for $60 a week and a room without plumbing he worked the Gaslight Cafe. At the Gaslight, he told long funny stories which brought everyday events to absurd but sweet conclusions. His comedy was one of understatement, wild sound effects, a rubbery face, and far-ranging characterizations. The Gaslight soon tripled Cosby’s salary, and within months the William Morris Agency signed him to a management contract. He soon cut a comedy album and traveled the comedy club circuit, performing at the “hungry i” in San Francisco, Mr. Kelly’s in Chicago, and the Flamingo in Las Vegas. Cosby’s temporary leave from Temple soon became permanent. No longer a student, Bill Cosby was now a comedian. Cosby was “a new kind of black comedian,” wrote Donald Bogle, author of Blacks in American Film and Television: “In suit and tie, he looked like a well-brought-up, serious college student, a smart fellow geared to make it. Unlike Redd Foxx or Slappy White, who… had performed material directly pitched towards black audiences, Cosby was [a] crossover.” Asked to explain the absence of racial material in his humor, Cosby told a Newsweek interviewer in 1963, “I’m trying to reach all the people. I want to play John Q. Public.”

In 1965, television producer Sheldon Leonard saw Cosby on the Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson. Leonard was impressed and cast Cosby as Alex Scott, an undercover CIA agent in NBC’s action adventure series, J Spy. The part of the witty, multilingual Scott was intended for a white actor—no African American had ever had a lead role in a dramatic series. Nevertheless, Cosby played it with ease. He won three Emmy Awards and began what would be his pattern of playing successful, educated African Americans in a medium dominated by negative images of African Americans.

I Spy left the air after three hit seasons, but Cosby returned to television in 1969 in the Bill Cosby Show as Chet Kincaid, a physical education teacher helping disadvantaged kids in a fictional Los Angeles neighborhood. The show remained on the air for two years, but was not a hit. In fact, Cosby’s acting career foundered a bit in the early 1970s. The Bill Cosby Show was canceled in the spring of 1971; his first film feature, Hickey and Boggs, was poorly received, and his 1972 comedy/variety television show, the New Bill Cosby Show, failed to find an audience.

Cosby next found success with the unlikely program Fat Albert and the Cosby Kids, an animated kids show which debuted in 1972 and became a fixture on Saturday morning television. Fat Albert’s storylines came from Cosby’s comedy albums and boyhood memories, and Cosby served as executive producer and host. After each humorous but instructive adventure of Fat Albert, Weird Harold, Mush Mouth, and the other characters, Cosby would appear on screen and draw a lesson from the show’s events that aimed to help kids put their experiences in perspective. According to Vibe contributor Cathleen Campbell, “The message was the same every time: We have the power to turn alienation into a sense of community, the power to rediscover and reinvent.” The critically acclaimed program remained in production until 1984.

In the mid-1970s, Cosby teamed with actor-director Sidney Poitier for two successful movie comedies, 1974’s Uptown Saturday Night, and 1975’s Let’s Do It Again. In Uptown Saturday Night he portrayed Wardell Franklin, a taxi driver trying to recover a stolen lottery ticket from the mob, in a performance the New Yorker praised as “very funny.” Though Let’s Do It Again was less successful, critics hailed Cosby as a major comedic talent. Still, the comedian struggled to find consistent success. Mother, Jugs & Speed, a 1976 film co-starring Raquel Welch and Harvey Keitel, flopped, as did Cos, a variety show for kids, and the 1977 film A Piece of the Action, which reunited him with Poitier.

Though his successful career as an entertainer made a college degree unnecessary, Cosby spent much of the 1970s earning advanced degrees in education at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst. The university allowed him to substitute life experience for his uncompleted bachelor’s degree and his work in prisons and on the children’s television program The Electric Company for its teaching requirement. Cosby wrote a 242-page dissertation called “An Integration of the Visual Media via Fat Albert and the Cosby Kids into the Elementary School Curriculum as a Teaching Aid and Vehicle to Achieve Increased Learning,” and in May of 1977, he was awarded a doctorate of education.

Cosby determined by the mid-1970s that he would take advantage of his wide public visibility, and his acumen as a businessman and corporate spokesman prompted Forbes magazine to call the comedian: “Bill Cosby, capitalist.” With newly hired lawyer Herbert Chaice, Cosby began to seek ways to gain a portion of the profits he generated. Their strategies led to Cosby’s attaining interests in the Coca-Cola Company, for which he had long been a spokesman, and in other business ventures. Cosby also became a ubiquitous pitchman whose commercials for Jell-O, Kodak, Del Monte, Ford Motor Company, and other businesses made him one of the most recognizable people in America.

While Cosby remained a strong nightclub act in this period, his film and television work continued to be less than impressive. He and Richard Pryor portrayed bumbling dentists in 1979’s California Suite, roles which the New Yorker complained had “racist overtones.” He appeared in Disney’s The Devil and Max Devlin and was featured in the in-concert film Bill Cosby — Himself. He also worked as a guest host for the Tonight Show where, according to Donald Bogle, he “came across as rather arrogant and occasionally insensitive, looking a little like a Vegas burnout case.”

In 1982, Cosby let it be known that he was interested in a weekly series. Production companies, recognizing his popularity, approached him with offers. Cosby chose a show pitched by former ABC executives Tom Werner and Marcy Carsey, and demanded a salary and an equal split of all of the show’s profits. Werner and Carsey agreed to this rare arrangement, and on September 20, 1984, The Cosby Show debuted on NBC. As Dr. Heathcliff Huxtable, Cosby and his lawyer wife, played by Phylicia Rashad, dealt with the ups and downs of family life. The show’s humor was warm and universal. The New York Times called it “the classiest and most entertaining new situation comedy of the season.” It reached number three in its first year, was number one for the next four seasons, and remained in the top 20 until its final episode in 1992. The Cosby Show had 80 million regular viewers at the height of its popularity and its ratings pulled NBC from third to first place among the networks.

The show—which mirrored Cosby’s own life with his wife, Camille, and their five children—generated a large sociological debate, since it portrayed African Americans and parents as they had never been seen on television before. The New York Times’s Bill Carter wrote that “it restored the television image of the parent as loving authority figure, and it gave viewers, black and white, an unwaveringly positive look at family life, as lived in a home headed by two professional parents who happened to be black.” Some attacked The Cosby Show for presenting an unrealistically idealized portrait of the African American family. The Huxtables were too well off, too smart, too “perfect,” said critics. Cosby responded that his television family offered a positive alternative to harsher images available on television and elsewhere.

Asked if he thought The Cosby Show would have been as popular if it had been more aggressive on racial issues, Cosby told the Los Angeles Times: “No. Because I don’t know how to do that without getting angry at racial bigotry. That’s not funny to me.” Henry Louis Gates, Jr., chairman of Harvard University’s African American Studies Program, told the New York Times that Cosby “put race and economic issues on the back burner so we could see a black family dealing with all the things black people deal with the same as all other people. It was the first time most of us as black people have felt a sense of identity with and resemblance to the kind of values we have in common, our relationships with our parents and our siblings.”

“No series in the history of television…has ever been more about education,” wrote Dennis A. Williams in Emerge. The Huxtable parents consistently reminded their children of the importance of a college education, and the opening credit that listed “William H. Cosby, Jr., Ed.D.” was a powerful reminder of where education could take a person. Both The Cosby Show and its spinoff, A Different World (set in a fictional black college), made higher education a viable option to thousands of young African Americans. During their run, applications to African American colleges went up dramatically. “You’ve got to figure we made a heck of an impression on people who wanted to go to college,” Cosby told the Los Angeles Times.

When The Cosby Show went into syndication in 1987, Bill Cosby, as half owner of the show’s profits, became a very rich man. According to Forbes, competing independent stations doubled previous records in their bidding for the program. By 1992 total syndication for the show reached $1 billion, of which Cosby received $333 million. With all of this money, Cosby and his wife, Camille, became active philanthropists. In 1988 they donated $20 million to Spelman College in Atlanta, the biggest single contribution ever made to a black college.

During The Cosby Show’s eight-year run, Cosby published four books: Fatherhood (1986), Time Flies (1987), Love and Marriage (1989), and Childhood (1991). Each of the fast-paced and hilarious books hit the best seller list, though critical reaction was mixed. The New York Times s Karen Ray complained that Fatherhood contained “only one joke…stretched and stretched some more.” But Laura Green wrote in the same paper that readers of Love and Marriage would “giggle with self-recognition.” Less successful were the movies he made during this period. Critics and audiences agreed that Leonard Part VI (1987) and Ghost Dad (1990) were undisputed and undistinguished duds.

As the children in The Cosby Show grew older and went off to college or got married, some critics complained of a decline in quality. But the show remained popular as Cosby showcased African American entertainers, used the character of Theo to mirror his own son’s struggle with a learning disability, and brought in women writers to focus on a female character’s first period and the problems of a teen-age girl who is pressured to have sex. Williams applauded The Cosby Show for being the most ethnically diverse program on television, but “most significantly,” he wrote, “Cosby combines unspoken racial pride and its color-blind premise in a conscious promotion of personal achievement that might please both Thurgood Marshall and Clarence Thomas.” In the spring of 1992, The Cosby Show ended its fabulously successful run. “I don’t have anything left to say,” Cosby told the New York Times. “That may be why it’s not a sad, sad moment. I’m satisfied.”

Not one to rest on his laurels, Cosby returned to television the following fall with a syndicated version of the old Groucho Marx game show You Bet Your Life. You Bet Your Life was supposed to be a sure money maker, but was canceled midway through its first season due to low ratings. Cosby went back to NBC for a series of light television mystery movies in 1993, to be followed by The Cosby Mysteries series in 1994. The Cosby Mysteries failed to find a sustained audience, and was canceled. Although Cosby has always avoided racial humor in his comedy, the highly-respected star began to speak out about portrayals of African Americans in American entertainment in the 1990s. Upon his 1994 induction into the Academy of Television Arts and Sciences Hall of Fame, Cosby asked network television executives to “stop this horrible massacre of images [of African Americans] that are being put on the screen now. I’m begging you, because it isn’t us.” A few months earlier, Cosby told Newsweek: “Someone at the very top has to say, ’OK, enough of this….’ Today’s writers look on TV as just a joke machine. And when it comes to African Americans, the joke’s on us.”

Undaunted by the failure of The Cosby Mysteries, Cosby returned to primetime television in 1996 with a new sitcom entitled Cosby. The show centers around the life of Hilton Lucas (Cosby), an airline employee who loses his job as a result of downsizing. Without a steady job, Lucas spends time around the house dispensing advice to those around him about how to cope with the challenges of daily life. Phylicia Rashad, who played Cosby’s wife on The Cosby Show, co-stars as Lucas’s wife Ruth. The show focuses around Ruth and Hilton’s relationship, and episodes have also tackled complex social issues such as drug addiction and absentee parents. In 1996, Cosby won the People’s Choice Award as America’s Favorite New Television Comedy Series.

Confronted With Tragedy

In early 1997, Cosby was faced with one of the most difficult periods of his life. On January 16, 1997, Cosby’s only son, Ennis, was robbed and murdered on a Los Angeles highway after he stopped to fix a flat tire. Shortly after the murder, a 19-year-old Ukrainian immigrant named Mikhail Markhasev was arrested and charged with the crime. In 1998, Markhasev was convicted of Ennis’s murder and sentenced to life in prison without the possibility of parole.

On the same day that Ennis was murdered, a Southern California woman named Autumn Jackson came forward and alleged that she was Cosby’s illegitimate daughter. Jackson and an accomplice had threatened to expose the story to the media unless they received $40 million dollars from Cosby. The pair were arrested in New York City by the FBI and were charged with extortion. Cosby acknowledged that he had an affair with Jackson’s mother, Shawn Upshaw, and had paid her $100,000 so that she would not disclose their affair. He also paid some of Jackson’s educational expenses. However, Cosby strongly denied that he was Jackson’s father. Jackson was found guilty of extortion and ordered to publicly apologize to Cosby. She was also sentenced to a 26-month term in prison. After serving only 14 months, Jackson’s conviction was overturned by an appeals court. The court then reversed itself and restored her conviction in 1999.

Despite the tremendous grief he felt over the loss of his son, Cosby did not retreat into isolation and self-pity. Rather, he remained in the public eye and conducted himself with grace and dignity. Cosby returned to the set of Cosby and immersed himself in his work. As he told Cosby executive producer Norman Steinberg, which was reported in People, “A lot of people depend on me. I have to open my store. This is what I do.” While appearing at a benefit held in October of 1997 in New York, People reported that Cosby told those assembled, “Now I don’t want you to think that because of what happened to me this year, I’m going to meet you at the bus station and ask you if you found Christ. No, no.”

Cosby concentrated his efforts on finding ways to honor and preserve his son’s memory, a son whom he referred to as “my hero.” Shortly after Ennis’s death, the Cosby family launched a charitable organization called the Hello Friend/Ennis William Cosby Foundation. The organization is focused on promoting the early detection and treatment of dyslexia, a condition that Ennis had worked to overcome in his own life. “Hello, Friend” was added to the organization’s title because this was Ennis’s trademark greeting. Cosby also created a series of books for children featuring a character called “Little Bill”. The “Little Bill” books feature children with learning problems and are designed to help parents to teach values to their children. In an interview on CBS “This Morning”, which was quoted on black voices.com , Cosby remarked that his son wanted to write stories “about children with learning differences. Of course with his murder, this cut everything short. So I dedicated all of this to him.” In 1998, Cosby released an album featuring various jazz artists entitled Hello Friend: To Ennis With Love. In 1998, Cosby was among five performers who were saluted at the Kennedy Center Honors in Washington, D.C. A ceremony was held at the Kennedy Center and was attended by President and Mrs. Clinton. In her remarks, which were quoted in Jet, Phylicia Rashad praised her friend and television co-star, “It doesn’t take a lot of intelligence to put people down, but it takes Bill’s intelligence, his sensibility, and his grace to embrace the whole world with care and to uplift it with laughter.”

Cosby published a book entitled Congratulations! Now What?: A Book For Graduates in 1999. Using his characteristic humor, Cosby offered words of wisdom and advice to new college graduates. In her review of Congratulations! Now What? on amazon.com, Brenda Pittsley noted that “graduates—and their now-broke parents—will find a reason to smile on every page.” Ray Olson, in his review of the book for Booklist, remarked that “no comedian knows better how to speak the worst fatalisms and reduce an audience to tears of both laughter and sentiment. Fine, fine humor.”

Cosby has continued to speak out against the generally poor quality of television programming. “The problem with television programming today is that we are now in the age of stooping as in to bend down to make yourself lower.” he remarked to Jet. “The bar is not being raised at all. There is too much focus on orifices and the size of organs and body parts. Many of the writers write like they never had a course in Western Literature. They seem to be taking their language off the street corners.” Cosby has consistently held himself to a higher standard. He has created a body of work that offers wholesome entertainment for people of all ages. As CBS Television President Leslie Moonves told Jet, “At its best, television is a medium that entertains as well as informs. Throughout his career, Bill Cosby has accomplished this with grace, humor, and unparalleled passion for his craft.”

Selected writings

The Wit and Wisdom of Fat Albert, Windmill Books, 1973.

Bill Cosby’s Personal Guide to Tennis Power; or Don’t Lower the Lob, Raise the Net, Random House, 1975.

Fatherhood, Doubleday, 1986.

Time Flies, Doubleday, 1987.

Love and Marriage, Doubleday, 1989.

Childhood, Putnam, 1991.

The Best Way to Play, (Little Bill series), Cartwheel Books, 1997.

The Meanest Thing to Say, (Little Bill series), Cartwheel Books, 1997.

Shipwreck Saturday, (Little Bill series), Cartwheel Books, 1998.

Hooray for the Dandelion Warriors! (Little Bill series-), Cartwheel Books, 1999.

Congratulations! Now What?: A Book For Graduates, Hyperion, 1999.

The Day I Was Rich, (Little Bill series), Scholastic Trade, 1999.

The Day I Saw My Father Cry, (Little Bill series), Cartwheel Books, 2000.

Sources

Books

Bogle, Donald, Blacks in American Film and Television, Simon & Schuster, 1988.

Cohen, David, and Charles M. Collins, editors, The African Americans, Viking Studio Books, 1993.

Salley, Columbus, The Black 100: A Ranking of the Most Influential African-Americans, Past and Present, Citadel Press, 1992,

Periodicals

Booklist, May 1, 1999.

Broadcasting, February 22, 1993, p. 5.

Ebony, June 1977.

Emerge, May 1992, pp. 22-26.

Essence, March 1994, p. 84.

Forbes, September 28, 1992, p. 85.

Jet, December 28, 1998, p. 34; April 3, 2000, p. 60.

Los Angeles Times, December 10, 1989, p. Calendar-6; April 26, 1992, p. Calendar-7; August 28, 1992, p. Fl.

Newsweek, June 17, 1963; December 6, 1993, pp.59-61.

New Yorker, June 17, 1974, p. 89; January 8, 1979, p. 49.

New York Times, September 20, 1984, p. C30; December 18, 1987, p. C30; January 21, 1988, p.C26; November 8, 1988, p. Al; January 12, 1989, p. D21; May 14, 1989, sec. 7, p. 23; February 21, 1991, p. C13; October 27, 1991, sec. 7, p. 20; April 26, 1992, sec. 2, p. 1.

Playboy, December 1985.

People, December 29, 1997, p. 54-55. Time, July 16, 1990, p. 86; February 28, 1994, pp. 60-62.

Vibe, November 1993, p. 120.

Other

Additional information for this profile was taken from Bill Cosby: In Words and Pictures (an Ebony/Jet special issue), by Robert E. Johnson, Johnson Publishing;www.blackvoices.com; and www.amazon.com

—Jordan Wankoff and David G. Oblender

Bill Cosby 1937–

Comedian, actor, producer, educator, and author

At a Glance…

Became a Comedian

I Spy and Beyond

The Cosby Show

Rose to the Top

Selected writings

Sources

Bill Cosby, one of television’s funniest and most popular co-medic actors, has spent his long career making people laugh. Cosby first gained prominence as a comedian in the early 1960s, when he vaulted from telling jokes in Philadelphia night-spots to the top of the nightclub circuit and then to television. Cosby became the first African American to star in a television drama when he appeared on I Spy in 1965. In the 1980s, in the role of Dr. Heathcliff Huxtable, he headed television’s first educated, middle-class black family in the wildly successful Cosby Show. Though best known for his television appearances, Cosby has made more than 20 comedy albums, appeared in films, published a string of humorous books, and pitched products for Jell-O, Kodak, and a variety of other companies.

Cosby’s humor springs from life’s absurdities. As a young comic, he told long funny stories about his childhood in Philadelphia and his experiences at Temple University. In the 1970s and 1980s, he wove humorous yarns from family events, such as a child’s trip to the dentist. In the 1990s, he addressed aging and the consequences of raising wealthy children.

William Henry Cosby, Jr., was born in 1937 in the German-town district of North Philadelphia. He grew up in the all-black Richard Allen housing project where his mother, Anna Cosby, struggled to raise him and his younger brothers, Russell and Robert. His father, William Cosby, Sr., served as a mess steward in the U.S. Navy and was away for months at a time. As a child, Cosby loved comedy radio shows. “I always listened for the comedy,” he told the Los Angeles Times: “Jack Benny, Burns & Allen, Jimmy Durante, Fred Allen.… When comedy was on, I was just happy to be alive.” By the fifth grade he was getting up in front of his class and making everybody laugh, including his teacher.

Cosby’s high IQ led teachers to place him in a class for gifted students, but outside interests eventually derailed his school career. Between work and playing football, basketball, baseball, and running track, he found little time for schoolwork. When he was told he would have to repeat the tenth grade at Germantown High, he dropped out. “The truth is,” he recalled in the Los Angeles Times, “I’d just grown very tired of myself and thought perhaps there was a career for me in the

At a Glance…

Born William Henry Cosby, Jr., July 12, 1937, in Germantown, PA; son of William Henry, Sr. (a U.S. Navy mess steward) and Anna (a domestic worker) Cosby; married Camille Hanks, January 25, 1964; children: Erika, Erinn, Ennis, Ensa, Evin. Education: Attended Temple University, 1961-62; University of Massachusetts, M.A., 1972, Ed.D., 1977.

Actor, comedian, recording artist, author. Nightclub comedian, 1963–. Television actor, appearing in I Spy, 1965-68, The Bill Cosby Show, 1969-71, The Cosby Show, 1984-92, and The Cosby Mysteries, 1994; creator of children’s animated series Fat Albert and the Cosby Kids. 1972-75, and The New Fat Albert Show, 1979–94; host of You Bet Your Life. 1992-93, Film appearances include roles in Hickey and Boggs, 1972, Man and Bay, 1972, Uptown Saturday Night, 1974, Let’s Do It Again, 1975, Mother, Juggs & Speed, 1976, A Piece of the Action, 1977, California Suite, 1978, The Devil and Max Devlin, 1981, Bill Cosby Himself, 1983, Leonard Part VI, 1967, and Ghost Dad, 1990. Commercial spokesperson for Jell-O Pudding, Kodak Film, and other products. Military service: Served in U.S. Navy, 1956–60.

Member: United Negro College Fund, National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), Operation PUSH, Rhythm and Blues Hall of Fame (president). Sickle Cell Foundation.

Awards: Spingam Medal, NAACP, 1985; eight Grammy awards for best comedy album; four Emmy awards; NAACP Image Award; Golden Globe Award; four People’s Choice awards; Academy of Television Arts and Sciences Hall of Fame inductee.

Addresses: Office —P.O. Box 4049, Santa Monica, CA 90404. Agent —The Brokaw Co., 9255 Sunset Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90069.

service. If you stayed in for 20 years, you knew at least you’d get a certain amount of money for the rest of your life.” Cosby enlisted in the U.S. Navy in 1956.

Away from school, Cosby realized the importance of an education and used his four years in the military to prepare for the day he would continue in school. Cosby learned physical therapy, traveled around the Western Hemisphere, and earned a high school equivalency diploma through correspondence courses. In 1961, at the age of 23, the navy veteran won a track and field scholarship to Temple University.

Became a Comedian

For two years, Cosby studied physical education, ran track, and played right halfback on Temple’s football team. During his sophomore year, however, Cosby got his first job telling jokes while tending bar at a Philadelphia coffeehouse called the Cellar. His salary was five dollars a night. According to Cosby, this was the real beginning of his comedy career. “I understood that if people enjoy conversation with the bartender, they leave tips,” he told the Los Angeles Times “So I began collecting jokes, and learning how to work them up, stretch them out.”

From the Cellar he moved to a Philadelphia nightclub called the Underground and finally, in the spring of 1962, to New York City’s Greenwich Village, where for $60 a week and a room without plumbing he worked the Gaslight Cafe. At the Gaslight, he told long funny stories which brought everyday events to absurd but sweet conclusions. His comedy was one of understatement, wild sound effects, a rubbery face, and far-ranging characterizations.

The Gaslight tripled Cosby’s salary, and within months the William Morris Agency signed him to a management contract. He soon cut a comedy album and traveled the comedy club circuit, performing at the “hungry i” in San Francisco, Mr. Kelly’s in Chicago, and the Flamingo in Las Vegas. Cosby’s temporary leave from Temple soon became permanent. No longer a student, Bill Cosby was now a comedian.

Cosby was “a new kind of black comedian,” wrote Donald Bogle, author of Blacks in American Film and Television: “In suit and tie, he looked like a well-brought-up, serious college student, a smart fellow geared to make it. Unlike Redd Foxx or Slappy White, who… had performed material directly pitched towards black audiences, Cosby was [a] crossover.” Asked to explain the absence of racial material in his humor, Cosby told a Newsweek interviewer in 1963, “I’m trying to reach all the people. I want to play John Q. Public.”

I Spy and Beyond

In 1965, television producer Sheldon Leonard saw Cosby on the Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson. Leonard was impressed and cast Cosby as Alex Scott, an undercover CIA agent in NBC’s action adventure series I Spy. The part of the witty, multilingual Scott was intended for a white actor—no African American had ever had a lead role in a dramatic series. Nevertheless, Cosby played it with ease. He won three Emmy Awards and began what would be his pattern of playing successful, educated blacks in a medium dominated by negative images of African Americans.

I Spy left the air after three hit seasons, but Cosby returned to television in 1969 in the Bill Cosby Show as Chet Kincaid, a physical education teacher helping disadvantaged kids in a fictional Los Angeles neighborhood. The show remained on the air for two years but was not a hit. In fact, Cosby’s acting career foundered a bit in the early 1970s. The Bill Cosby Show was canceled in the spring of 1971; his first film feature, Hickey and Boggs, was poorly received, and his 1972 comedy/variety television show, the New Bill Cosby Show, failed to find an audience.

Cosby next found success with the unlikely program Fat Albert and the Cosby Kids, an animated kids show which debuted in 1972 and became a fixture on Saturday morning television. Fat Albert’s storylines came from Cosby’s comedy albums and boyhood memories, and Cosby served as executive producer and host. After each humorous but instructive adventure of Fat Albert, Weird Harold, Mush Mouth, and the other characters, Cosby would appear on screen and draw a lesson from the show’s events that aimed to help kids put their experiences in perspective. According to Vibe contributor Cathleen Campbell, “The message was the same every time: We have the power to turn alienation into a sense of community, the power to rediscover and reinvent.” The critically acclaimed program remained in production until 1984.

In the mid-1970s, Cosby teamed with actor-director Sidney Poitier for two successful movie comedies, 1974’s Uptown Saturday Night and 1975’s Let’s Do It Again. In Uptown Saturday Night he portrayed Wardell Franklin, a taxi driver trying to recover a stolen lottery ticket from the mob, in a performance the New Yorker praised as “very funny.” Though Let’s Do It Again was less successful, critics hailed Cosby as a major comedic talent. Still, the comedian struggled to find consistent success. Mother, Jugs & Speed, a 1976 film co-starring Raquel Welch and Harvey Keitel, flopped, as did Cos, a variety show for kids, and the 1977 film A Piece of the Action, which reunited him with Poitier.

Though his successful career as an entertainer made a college degree unnecessary, Cosby spent much of the 1970s earning advanced degrees in education at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst. The university allowed him to substitute life experience for his uncompleted bachelor’s degree and his work in prisons and on the kid’s television program Electric Company for its teaching requirement. Cosby wrote a 242-page dissertation called “An Integration of the Visual Media via Fat Albert and the Cosby Kids into the Elementary School Curriculum as a Teaching Aid and Vehicle to Achieve Increased Learning,” and in May of 1977, he was awarded a doctorate of education.

Cosby determined by the mid-1970s that he would take advantage of his wide public visibility, and his acumen as a businessman and corporate spokesman prompted Forbes magazine to call the comedian: “Bill Cosby, capitalist.” With newly hired lawyer Herbert Chaice, Cosby began to seek ways to gain a portion of the profits he generated. Their strategies led to Cosby’s attaining interests in the Coca-Cola Company, for which he had long been a spokesman, and in other business ventures. Cosby also became a ubiquitous pitchman whose commercials for Jell-O, Kodak, Del Monte, Ford Motor Company, and other businesses made him one of the most recognizable people in America.

While Cosby remained a strong nightclub act in this period, his film and television work continued to be less than impressive. He and Richard Pry or portrayed bumbling dentists in 1979’s California Suite, roles which the New Yorker complained had “racist overtones.” He appeared in Disney’s The Devil and Max Devlin and was featured in the in-concert film Bill Cosby —Himself. He also worked as a guest host for the Tonight Show where, according to Donald Bogle, he “came across as rather arrogant and occasionally insensitive, looking a little like a Vegas burnout case.”

The Cosby Show

In 1982 Cosby let it be known that he was interested in a weekly series. Production companies, recognizing his popularity, jumped with offers. Cosby chose a show pitched by former ABC executives Tom Werner and Marcy Carsey, and demanded a salary and an equal split of all of the show’s profits. Werner and Carsey agreed to this rare arrangement, and on September 20, 1984, The Cosby Show debuted on NBC. As Dr. Heathcliff Huxtable, Cosby and his lawyer wife, played by Phylicia Rashad, dealt with the ups and downs of family life. The show’s humor was warm and universal. The New York Times called it “the classiest and most entertaining new situation comedy of the season.” It reached number three in its first year, was number one for the next four seasons, and remained in the top twenty until its final episode in 1992. The Cosby Show had 80 million regular viewers at the height of its popularity and its ratings pulled NBC from third to first place among the networks.

The show—which mirrored Cosby’s own life with his wife, Camille, and their five children—generated a large sociological debate, since it portrayed African Americans and parents as they had never been seen on television before. The New York Timer’s Bill Carter wrote that “it restored the television image of the parent as loving authority figure, and it gave viewers, black and white, an unwaveringly positive look at family life, as lived in a home headed by two professional parents who happened to be black.” Some attacked The Cosby Show for presenting an unrealistically idealized portrait of the black family. The Huxtables were too well off, too smart, too “perfect,” said critics. To this, Cosby responded that his television family offered a positive alternative to harsher images available on television and elsewhere.

Asked if he thought The Cosby Show would have been as popular if it had been more aggressive on racial issues, Cosby told the Los Angeles Times: “No. Because I don’t know how to do that without getting angry at racial bigotry. That’s not funny to me.” Henry Louis Gates, Jr., chairman of Harvard University’s African American Studies Program, told the New York Times that Cosby “put race and economic issues on the back burner so we could see a black family dealing with all the things black people deal with the same as all other people. It was the first time most of us as black people have felt a sense of identity with and resemblance to the kind of values we have in common, our relationships with our parents and our siblings.”

“No series in the history of television … has ever been more about education,” wrote Dennis A. Williams in Emerge. The Huxtable parents consistently reminded their children of the importance of a college education, and the opening credit that listed “William H. Cosby, Jr., Ed.D.” was a powerful reminder of where education could take a person. Both The Cosby Show and its spinoff, A Different World (set in a fictional black college), made higher education a viable option to thousands of young blacks. During their run, applications to African American colleges went up dramatically. “You’ve got to figure we made a heck of an impression on people who wanted to go to college,” Cosby told the Los Angeles Times.

Rose to the Top

When The Cosby Show went into syndication in 1987, Bill Cosby, as half owner of the show’s profits, became a very rich man. According to Forbes, competing independent stations doubled previous records in their bidding for the program. By 1992 total syndication for the show reached $1 billion, of which Cosby received $333 million. With all this money, Cosby and his wife, Camille, became active philanthropists. In 1988 they donated $20 million to Spelman College in Atlanta, the biggest single contribution ever made to a black college.

During The Cosby Show’s eight-year run, Cosby published four books: Fatherhood (1986), Time Flies (1987), Love and Marriage (1989), and Childhood (1991). Each of the fast-paced and hilarious books hit the best seller list, though critical reaction was mixed. The New York Times’s Karen Ray complained that Fatherhood contained “only one joke … stretched and stretched some more.” But Laura Green wrote in the same paper that readers of Love and Marriage would “giggle with self-recognition.” Less successful were the movies he made during this period. Critics and audiences agreed that Leonard Part VI (1987) and Ghost Dad (1990) were undisputed and undistinguished duds.

As the children in The Cosby Show grew older and went off to college or got married, some critics complained of a decline in quality. But the show remained popular as Cosby showcased black entertainers, used the character of Theo to mirror his own son’s struggle with a learning disability, and brought in women writers to focus on a female character’s first period and the problems of a teenage girl who is pressured to have sex.

Williams applauded The Cosby Show for being the most ethnically diverse program on television, but “most significantly,” he wrote, “Cosby combines unspoken racial pride and its color-blind premise in a conscious promotion of personal achievement that might please both Thurgood Marshall and Clarence Thomas.” In the spring of 1992, The Cosby Show ended its fabulously successful run. “I don’t have anything left to say,” Cosby told the New York Times. “That may be why it’s not a sad, sad moment. I’m satisfied.”

Not one to rest on his laurels, Cosby returned to television the following fall with a syndicated version of the old Groucho Marx game show You Bet Your Life. You Bet Your Life was supposed to be a sure money maker but was canceled midway through its first season due to low ratings. Cosby went back to NBC for a series of light television mystery movies in 1993, to be followed by The Cosby Mysteries series in 1994.

Though Cosby has always avoided racial humor in his comedy, the highly-respected star began to speak out about portrayals of blacks in American entertainment in the 1990s. Upon his 1994 induction into the Academy of Television Arts and Sciences Hall of Fame, Cosby asked network television executives to “stop this horrible massacre of images (of African Americans) that are being put on the screen now. I’m begging you, because it isn’t us.” A few months earlier, Cosby told Newsweek: “Someone at the very top has to say, ‘OK, enough of this.…’ Today’s writers look on TV as just a joke machine. And when it comes to African Americans, the joke’s on us.” About this issue, the man who has made millions telling jokes is clearly not joking.

Selected writings

The Wit and Wisdom of Fat Albert, Windmill Books, 1973.

Bill Cosby’s Personal Guide to Tennis Power; or, Don’t Lower the Lob, Raise the Net, Random House, 1975.

Fatherhood, Doubleday, 1986.

Time Flies, Doubleday, 1987.

Love and Marriage, Doubleday, 1989.

Childhood, Putnam, 1991.

Sources

Books

Bogle, Donald, Blacks in American Film and Television, Simon & Schuster, 1988.

Cohen, David, and Charles M. Collins, editors, The African Americans, Viking Studio Books, 1993.

Salley, Columbus, The Black 100: A Ranking of the Most Influential African-Americans, Past and Present, Citadel Press, 1992.

Periodicals

Broadcasting, February 22, 1993, p. 5.

Ebony, June 1977.

Emerge, May 1992, pp. 22-26.

Essence, March 1994, p. 84.

Forbes, September 28, 1992, p. 85.

Los Angeles Times, December 10, 1989, p. Calendar-6; April 26, 1992, p. Calendar-7; August 28, 1992, p. F1.

Newsweek, June 17, 1963; December 6, 1993, pp. 59-61.

New Yorker, June 17, 1974, p. 89; January 8, 1979, p. 49.

New York Times, September 20, 1984, p. C30; December 18, 1987, p. C30; January 21, 1988, p. C26; November 8, 1988, p. A1; January 12, 1989, p. D21; May 14, 1989, sec. 7, p. 23; February 21, 1991, p. C13; October 27, 1991, sec. 7, p. 20; April 26, 1992, sec. 2, p. 1.

Playboy, December 1985.

Time, July 16, 1990, p. 86; February 28, 1994, pp. 60-62.

Vibe, November 1993, p. 120.

Additional information for this profile was taken from Bill Cosby: In Words and Pictures (an Ebony/Jet special issue), by Robert E. Johnson, Johnson Publishing.

—Jordan Wankoff

Cosby, Bill 1937–

(William H. Cosby, William H. Cosby, Jr.)

PERSONAL

Full name, William Henry Cosby, Jr.; born July 12, 1937, in Philadelphia, PA; son of William Henry (a cook) and Anna (a maid) Cosby; married Camille Olivia Hanks (a producer), January 25, 1964; children: Erika Ranee, Erinn Chalene, Ennis William (deceased), Ensa Camille, Evin Harrah. Education: Temple University, B.A.; University of Massachusetts at Amherst, M.A., 1972, Ed.D., 1977.

Addresses: Agent—Norman Brokaw, William Morris Agency, 1 William Morris Pl., Beverly Hills, CA 90212.

Career: Comedian, actor, producer, director, composer, and writer. Made stage debut as a comedian at the Underground, in a room called the Cellar, Philadelphia, PA; also appeared as a comedian at the Gaslight, New York City; headline comedian at other major clubs and hotels; Tournament of Roses Parade, grand marshal, 2003; A Call Out with Cosby (national speaking tour), speaker, 2006. Spokesperson for Jell-O Pudding, Coca-Cola, Ford Motor Company, and Texas Instruments Corp.; appeared in many television commercials for City of Philadelphia, School to Work, Del Monte, Kodak film, and other products. Rhythm and Blues Hall of Fame, president, 1968; Ebony Showcase Theatre, member of board of directors; Carnegie Commission for the Future of Public Broadcasting, member; contributor to the television public service announcement campaign "The More You Know," NBC. Sickle Cell Foundation, member of board of directors and national chair; National Council on Crime and Delinquency, member of board of directors; Hello Friend/Ennis William Cosby Foundation, cofounder, 1997; Direction Sports, member of advisory board. Mary Holmes College, member of board of directors; Temple University, member of board of trustees; Howard University, member of communications council; also member of United Negro College Fund and Operation PUSH. Previously worked as a bartender. Military: U.S. Naval Reserve, active duty in Medical Corps, 1956–60.

Member: National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (life member).

Awards, Honors: Grammy award, best comedy album, National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences, 1964, for Bill Cosby Is a Very Funny Fellow … Right!; Grammy Award, best comedy album, 1965, for I Started Out as a Child; Emmy Awards, outstanding continued performance by an actor in a leading role in a dramatic series, 1965, 1966, 1967, and Golden Globe Award nomination, best male television star, 1967, all for I Spy; Grammy Award, best comedy album, 1966, for Why Is There Air?; Grammy Award, outstanding comedy performance, c. 1966, for Wonderfulness; Golden Apple Award, most cooperative actor, Hollywood Women's Press Association, 1966; named most promising new male star by Fame magazine, 1966; Grammy Award, best comedy album, 1967, for Revenge; Grammy Award, best comedy album, 1969, for To Russell, My Brother, Whom I Slept With; Man of the Year Award, Hasty Pudding Theatricals, Harvard University, 1969; Emmy Award, 1969, for The Bill Cosby Special; Emmy Award nominations, outstanding continued performance by a leading actor in a comedy series, outstanding new series (with Marvin Miller), and outstanding comedy series (with Miller), all 1970, for The Bill Cosby Show; Grammy Award, best comedy recording, 1969, for Bill Cosby; Grammy Award, best recording for children, 1972, for Bill Cosby Talks to Kids about Drugs; Grammy Award, best recording for children, 1973, for The Electric Company; Golden Globe Award nomination, best actor in a television musical or comedy program, 1973, for The New Bill Cosby Show; Seal of Excellence, Children's Theatre Association, 1973; Ohio State University Award, 1975, and Gold Award, outstanding children's program, International Film and Television Festival, 1981, both for Fat Albert and the Cosby Kids; Image Award, National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, 1976; Golden Apple Award, male star of the year, 1985; Golden Globe Awards, best actor in a television comedy or musical series, 1985, 1986, Q Awards, best actor in a quality comedy series, Viewers for Quality Television, 1985, 1986, Golden Globe Award nomination, best actor in a television comedy or musical series, 1987, and BMI Television Music Awards (with others), Broadcast Music Inc., 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, and 1992, and Image Award, outstanding lead actor in a comedy series, 1993, all for The Cosby Show; People's Choice Awards, favorite male performer in a new television program, 1986, favorite male television performer, annually, 1986–92, and favorite all-around male entertainer, annually, 1986–91; Aftonbladet TV Prize, best male foreign television personality, 1986, 1987, 1989, 1990; BMI Television Music Awards (with others), 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, and 1992, all for A Different World; inducted into Television Hall of Fame, Academy of Television Arts and Sciences, 1992; Founder's Award, International Emmy Awards, 1992; People's Choice Award, favorite male performer in a new television series, 1997; BMI Television Music Awards (with Benny Golson), 1997, 1998, and TV Guide Award nominations, favorite actor in a comedy, 1999, 2000, all for Cosby; lifetime achievement award, Kennedy Center Honors, 1998; People's Choice Award, favorite all-time television star, 1999; Image Award nomination, outstanding performance in a youth or children's series or special, 2001, Daytime Emmy Award nomination (with others), outstanding special class animated program, 2002, and Daytime Emmy Award (with others), outstanding children's animated program, 2004, all for Little Bill; Career Achievement Award, Television Critics Association, 2002; honorary degrees, University of Southern California, 1998, Fashion Institute of Technology, 2000, and Brown University; Steven J. Ross/Time Warner Award, School of Cinema and Television, University of Southern California, 2000; Bob Hope Humanitarian Award, Academy of Television Arts and Sciences, 2003; honorary D.Mus., Berklee College of Music, 2004; several gold record certifications, Recording Industry Association of America; also received star on Hollywood Walk of Fame.

CREDITS

Television Appearances; Series:

Alexander Scott, I Spy, NBC, 1965–68.

Chet Kincaid, The Bill Cosby Show, NBC, 1969–71.

Milkman, Ken Kane, the ice cream man, and Hank, recurring roles, The Electric Company, PBS, 1971–73.

Host, The New Bill Cosby Show, CBS, 1972–73.

Host and voices of Fat Albert, Bill, Mushmouth, Mudfoot, Brown Hornet, and other characters, Fat Albert and the Cosby Kids (animated; also known as The Adventures of Fat Albert & the Cosby Kids and The New Fat Albert Show), CBS, 1972–82.

Feeling Good, 1974.

Host, Cos, ABC, 1976.

Host, "Picture Pages" segment, Captain Kangaroo's "Wake Up," CBS, 1981–82.

Dr. Heathcliff "Cliff" Huxtable, The Cosby Show, NBC, 1984–92.

Host, PicturePages (also known as Bill Cosby's "Picture-Pages"), beginning 1984.

Host, You Bet Your Life, 1992–93.

Guy Hanks, The Cosby Mysteries, 1994.

Hilton Lucas, Cosby, CBS, 1996–2000.

Host, Kids Say the Darndest Things, CBS, 1998–2000.

Formerly appeared as host of viewer participation segment, Captain Kangaroo.

Television Appearances; Movies:

The Wizard of Oz, Journey Back to Oz, 1971.

Blue, To All My Friends on Shore, 1971.

Aaron Strickland, Top Secret, 1978.

Alexander Scott, I Spy Returns, 1994.

Narrator, We Are Not Vanishing, Showtime, 2002.

Television Appearances; Specials:

Guest, It's What's Happening, Baby!, CBS, 1965.

Narrator, Black History: Lost, Stolen, or Strayed, 1968.

The Bill Cosby Special, 1968.

Voices of Fat Albert, Mushmouth, Bill, and Mudfoot, Hey, Hey, Hey: It's Fat Albert (animated), 1969.

The Best on Record, 1970.

Host, Dick Van Dyke Meets Bill Cosby, CBS, 1970.

Cohost, A World of Love, CBS, 1970.

Host, The Bill Cosby Special or?, NBC, 1971.

Diana, NBC, 1971.

Goin' Back to Indiana, 1971.

Host, The World of Magic, NBC, 1975.

Host, Cos: The Bill Cosby Comedy Special, CBS, 1975.

Lola, ABC, 1976.

Voices of Fat Albert, Mushmouth, Bill, and Mudfoot Brown, Fat Albert's Halloween Special (animated), CBS, 1977.

Host and voices of Fat Albert, Mushmouth, Bill, and Mudfoot Brown, The Fat Albert Christmas Special (animated), CBS, 1977.

Member of male team, Celebrity Challenge of the Sexes, CBS, 1977, 1979.

Himself and Aesop, Aesop's Fables (animated), 1978.

Playboy's 25th Anniversary Celebration, ABC, 1979.

Doug Henning's World of Magic, NBC, 1980.

Where Have All the Children Gone, 1980.

Bill Cosby Himself (also known as Bill Cosby: Himself), HBO, 1982.

Steve Martin's "The Winds of Whoopie," NBC, 1983.

Host, Hollywood's Private Home Movies, ABC, 1983.

Himself (in archive footage), The Great Standups (also known as The Great Standups: Sixty Years of Laughter), 1984.

Host, Motown Returns to the Apollo, NBC, 1985.

Elayne Boosler: Party of One, 1985.

The Patti LaBelle Show, NBC, 1985.

The NBC All-Star Hour, NBC, 1985.

Harry Belafonte: Don't Stop the Carnival, HBO, 1985.

An All-Star Celebration Honoring Martin Luther King Jr., NBC, 1986.

Today at Night, Volume II, NBC, 1986.

Miles Ahead: The Music of Miles Davis, PBS, 1986.

George Burns' 90th Birthday Special, CBS, 1986.

Funny, ABC, 1986.

Superstars & Their Moms, ABC, 1987.

Host, Creole Giselle, NBC, 1987.

Host, Celebrating a Jazz Master: Thelonius Sphere Monk, PBS, 1987.

Everybody's Doing It, NBC, 1988.

Host, Bill Cosby Salutes Alvin Ailey, NBC, 1989.

Host, Sesame Street: 20 and Still Counting, NBC, 1989.

Happy Birthday, Bugs! 50 Looney Years, CBS, 1990.

Comic Relief IV, HBO, 1990.

A Laugh, a Tear, syndicated, 1990.

The Kennedy Center Honors: A Celebration of the Performing Arts, CBS, 1990.

Earth Day Special (also known as Time Warner Presents the Earth Day Special), ABC, 1990.

Sammy Davis Jr.'s 60th Anniversary Celebration, ABC, 1990.

The Television Academy Hall of Fame, Fox, 1990.

MDA Jerry Lewis Telethon, syndicated, 1990.

(In archive footage) Smokey Robinson: The Quiet Legend, Showtime, 1990.

Here He Is … the One, the Only … Groucho, HBO, 1991.

Math, Who Needs It?, PBS, 1991.

Ray Charles: 50 Years in Music, Uh-Huh!, Fox, 1991.

Voice of God, Sinbad and Friends: All the Way Live … Almost!, ABC, 1991.

Children's Miracle Network Telethon, syndicated, 1991.

Class Clowns, ABC, 1992.

The American Film Institute Salute to Sidney Poitier, NBC, 1992.

Himself and Cliff Huxtable, The Last Laugh: Memories of the Cosby Show, NBC, 1992.

"Miles Davis: A Tribute," Great Performances, PBS, 1993.

Host, Apollo Theatre Hall of Fame, NBC, 1993.

Host, The Defense Rests: A Tribute to Raymond Burr, NBC, 1993.

Host, NBC Super Special All-Star Comedy, NBC, 1993.

More of the Best of the Hollywood Palace, ABC, 1993.

An American Reunion: The 52nd Presidential Inaugural Gala, CBS, 1993.

(In archive footage) Mo' Funny: Black Comedy in America, HBO, 1993.

(Uncredited; in archive footage) The Unknown Marx Brothers, 1993.

In a New Light '94, ABC, 1994.

Apollo Theatre Hall of Fame (also known as Met Life Presents the Apollo Theatre Hall of Fame), NBC, 1994.

Narrator, The Incredible Voyage of Bill Pinkney, Disney Channel, 1994.

What Makes You Laugh?, 1995.

Video profile presenter, The Opening Ceremonies of the 1995 Special Olympics World Games, NBC, 1995.

Buster Keaton: Genius in Slapshoes, Arts and Entertainment, 1995.

Celebrate the Dream: 50 Years of Ebony Magazine, ABC, 1996.

(In archive footage) Classic Stand-up Comedy of Television, NBC, 1996.

Host, A Celebration of America's Music, 1996.

Night of About 14 CBS Stars, Comedy Central, 1996.

Host, Kids Say the Darndest Things, CBS, two specials, 1997.

Christmas in Rockefeller Center, syndicated, 1997.

Himself, "Jack Paar 'As I Was Saying …,'" American Masters, PBS, 1997.

The Kennedy Center Honors: A Celebration of the Performing Arts, CBS, 1998.

Intimate Portrait: Phylicia Rashad, Lifetime, 1998.

Intimate Portrait: Debbie Allen, Lifetime, 1998.

Host, A Celebration of America's Music (also known as Nissan Presents: The 2nd Annual Celebration of America's Music), ABC, 1998.

True Stories from "Touched by an Angel," CBS, 1998.

The American Red Cross Celebrates Real Life Miracles, CBS, 1998.

The American Red Cross Holiday Music Spectacular, Fox, 1999.

Harlem Globetrotters, Arts and Entertainment, 1999.

The Tulsa Lynching of 1921: A Hidden Story, PBS, 2000.

(In archive footage) Playboy: The Party Continues, 2000.

The BET 20th Anniversary Celebration, Black Entertainment Television, 2000.

Presenter, Sports Illustrated's Sportsman of the Year 2000, CBS, 2000.

Tito Puente: The King of Latin Music, PBS, 2001.

Starz! 10th Anniversary, Starz!, 2001.

Hopalong Cassidy: Public Hero #1, 2001.

The Cosby Kids: The E! True Hollywood Story, E! Entertainment Television, 2001.

Voice, Sylvia's Path, 2002.

Inside TV Land: African Americans in Television, TV Land, 2002.

Playboy: Inside the Playboy Mansion (also known as Inside the Playboy Mansion), Arts and Entertainment, 2002.

Host, NBC 75th Anniversary Special (also known as NBC 75th Anniversary Celebration), NBC, 2002.

Himself and Cliff Huxtable, The Cosby Show: A Look Back, NBC, 2002.

(In archive footage) Jack Paar: Smart Television, PBS, 2003.

Hey Hey Hey: Behind the Scenes of "Fat Albert," Nickelodeon, 2004.

(Uncredited) Himself (in archive footage), Lipstick & Dynamite, Piss & Vinegar: The First Ladies of Wrestling, 2004.