2001 Birmingham (Municipal Airport), Alabama (BHM)

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2001 BIRMINGHAM (MUNICIPAL AIRPORT), ALABAMA (BHM)

Birmingham is located in a hilly area of north–central Alabama in the foothills of the Appalachians about 300 miles inland from the Gulf of Mexico. There is a series of southwest to northeast valleys and ridges in the area.

The city is far enough inland to be protected from destructive tropical hurricanes, yet close enough that the Gulf has a pronounced modifying effect on the climate.

Although summers are long and hot, they are not generally excessively hot. On a typical mid–summer day, the temperature will be nearly 70 degrees at daybreak, approach 90 degrees at mid–day, and level off in the low 90s during the afternoon. It is not unusual for the temperature to remain below 100 degrees for several years in a row. However, every few years an extended heat wave will bring temperatures over 100 degrees. July is normally the hottest month but there is little difference from mid–June to mid–August. Rather persistent high humidity adds to the summer discomfort.

January is normally the coldest month but there is not much difference from mid–December to mid–February. Overall, winters are relatively mild. Even in cold spells, it is unusual for the temperature to remain below freezing all day. Sub–zero cold is extremely rare, occurring only a very few times this century. Extremely low temperatures almost always occur under clear skies after a snowfall.

Snowfall is erratic. Sometimes there is a two– or three–year span with no measurable snow. On rare occasions, there may be a 2 to 4 inch snowstorm. The snow usually melts quickly. Even 1 or 2 inches of snow can effectively shut down this sunbelt city because of the hilly terrain, the wetness of the snow and the unfamiliarity of motorists driving on snow and ice.

Birmingham is blessed with abundant rainfall. It is fairly well distributed throughout the year. However, some of the wetter winter months, plus March and July, have twice the rainfall of October, the driest month. Summer rainfall is almost entirely from scattered afternoon and early evening thunderstorms. Serious droughts are rare and most dry spells are not severe.

The stormiest time of the year with the greatest risk of severe thunderstorms and tornadoes is in spring, especially in March and April.

In a normal year, the last 32 degree minimum temperature in the spring is in mid to late March and the first in autumn is in early November.

NORMALS, MEANS, AND EXTREMES

BIRMINGHAM, AL (BHM)

LATITUDE:    LONGITUDE:    ELEVATION (FT):    TIME ZONE:    WBAN: 13876

33 33′ 50″ N  86 45′ 16″ W  GRND: 636 BARO: 639  CENTRAL (UTC + 6)

ELEMENTPORJANFEBMARAPRMAYJUNJULAUGSEPOCTNOVDECYEAR
TEMPERATURE FNORMAL DAILY MAXIMUM3051.756.966.174.681.087.489.989.183.974.764.655.773.0
MEAN DAILY MAXIMUM5453.358.365.674.681.887.890.690.084.675.164.255.973.5
HIGHEST DAILY MAXIMUM588183899299102106103100948580106
YEAR OF OCCURRENCE194919961982198719621954198019991990195420001951JUL 1980
MEAN OF EXTREME MAXS.5470.775.281.586.290.595.397.596.194.186.378.672.185.3
NORMAL DAILY MINIMUM3031.334.542.349.257.765.269.568.862.950.241.634.850.7
MEAN DAILY MINIMUM5433.236.342.249.958.466.270.169.263.250.941.135.551.4
LOWEST DAILY MINIMUM58-6322635425151372751-6
YEAR OF OCCURRENCE198519581993197319441966196719461967195619501989JAN 1985
MEAN OF EXTREME MINS.5414.218.024.732.843.454.161.760.448.234.124.317.436.1
NORMAL DRY BULB3041.545.754.262.069.476.379.879.073.462.553.145.261.8
MEAN DRY BULB5443.247.354.062.270.177.080.279.673.963.152.845.762.4
MEAN WET BULB1839.343.248.154.863.369.868.967.766.556.545.839.155.2
MEAN DEW POINT1833.336.940.948.959.066.570.068.662.551.940.733.651.1
NORMAL NO. DAYS WITH:
MAXIMUM 90300.00.00.00.12.511.116.615.56.70.10.00.052.6
MAXIMUM 32301.80.4*0.00.00.00.00.00.00.0*0.62.8
MINIMUM 323017.713.15.61.00.00.00.00.00.00.56.314.758.9
MINIMUM 0300.20.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.2
H/CNORMAL HEATING DEG. DAYS307295403501353100071483646142918
NORMAL COOLING DEG. DAYS3000154516833945943425971701797
RHNORMAL (PERCENT)3070666465707274757472717170
HOUR 00 LST3076737277838486868483807780
HOUR 06 LST3080797983868688898886848184
HOUR 12 LST3061565350545660595853576056
HOUR 18 LST3065585351576065656869686862
SPERCENT POSSIBLE SUNSHINE3442505563666559636166554658
W/OMEAN NO. DAYS WITH:
HEAVY FOG (VISBY 1/4 MI)591.20.60.60.30.30.60.40.50.50.71.01.27.9
THUNDERSTORMS592.02.44.55.17.18.811.28.64.01.31.91.258.1
CLOUDINESSMEAN:
SUNRISE-SUNSET (OKTAS)
MIDNIGHT-MIDNIGHT (OKTAS)
MEAN NO. DAYS WITH:
CLEAR
PARTLY CLOUDY
CLOUDY
PRMEAN STATION PRESSURE(IN)2729.5029.4029.4029.4029.3029.3029.4029.4029.4029.4129.5029.5029.41
MEAN SEA-LEVEL PRES. (IN)1830.1530.1230.0630.0230.0030.0030.0430.0330.0430.1030.1330.1730.07
WINDSMEAN SPEED (MPH)408.18.69.08.57.06.15.95.56.56.27.07.67.2
PREVAIL. DIR (TENS OF DEGS)2436363618150404040936363636
MAXIMUM 2-MINUTE:
SPEED (MPH)332513238303648382529323251
DIR. (TENS OF DEGS)27242930310136030201302724
YEAR OF OCCURRENCE200020012000200019991999200020001999200020012000FEB 2001
MAXIMUM 5-SECOND:
SPEED (MPH)339684053384658453137494068
DIR. (TENS OF DEGS)16241329340136043432282124
YEAR OF OCCURRENCE199920011999200020001999200020001999200120012000FEB 2001
PRECIPITATIONNORMAL (IN)305.104.726.194.964.853.735.253.593.932.814.335.1254.58
MAXIMUM MONTHLY (IN)5811.0017.6715.8013.7511.109.0413.7010.8510.4311.9015.2513.9817.67
YEAR OF OCCURRENCE194919611980197919691999195019671977199519481961FEB 1961
MINIMUM MONTHLY (IN)581.091.201.710.420.880.670.300.38T0.070.420.81T
YEAR OF OCCURRENCE198119681985198620001968198319891955199119491980SEP 1955
MAXIMUM IN 24 HOURS (IN)525.816.577.055.084.633.855.475.135.036.944.875.297.05
YEAR OF OCCURRENCE194919611970196619691957198519521977199519481961MAR 1970
NORMAL NO. DAYS WITH:
PRECIPITATION 0.013010.99.610.89.29.99.412.79.48.26.29.110.4115.8
PRECIPITATION 1.00301.61.42.11.71.51.11.31.01.40.81.41.516.8
SNOWFALLNORMAL (IN)300.70.10.10.20.00.00.00.00.00.0T0.31.4
MAXIMUM MONTHLY (IN)586.62.313.05.0TTT0.0TT1.48.013.0
YEAR OF OCCURRENCE19821960199319871996199219941992199319501963MAR 1993
MAXIMUM IN 24 HOURS (IN)544.52.313.05.0TTT0.0TT1.48.413.0
YEAR OF OCCURRENCE19481960199319871996199219941992199319501963MAR 1993
MAXIMUM SNOW DEPTH (IN)548213500000011113
YEAR OF OCCURRENCE196419601993198719501958MAR 1993
NORMAL NO. DAYS WITH:
SNOWFALL 1.0300.30.00.10.*0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.*0.4
PRECIPITATION (inches) 2001 BIRMINGHAM (MUNICIPAL AIRPORT), AL (BHM)
YEARJANFEBMARAPRMAYJUNJULAUGSEPOCTNOVDECANNUAL
19729.302.154.792.563.822.703.552.018.093.354.475.7652.55
19736.852.339.715.338.293.748.365.412.640.964.917.5866.11
19746.854.942.435.435.431.424.698.284.941.494.135.9756.00
19757.234.967.573.194.152.447.333.333.693.744.153.4955.27
19764.121.8014.151.999.002.754.923.344.911.592.234.3555.15
19775.083.898.706.733.510.966.240.8710.437.524.102.0160.04
19784.541.313.072.648.515.045.092.091.140.222.715.4341.79
19795.944.705.6913.756.641.199.982.3010.402.055.511.5569.70
19806.632.3615.809.107.303.012.112.845.263.213.040.8161.47
19811.094.877.232.452.812.493.885.300.933.341.675.8241.88
19825.196.292.717.863.195.393.532.680.663.737.119.5157.85
19833.266.425.068.289.573.810.300.992.833.679.1412.6365.96
19843.962.794.078.616.071.415.063.860.163.915.422.3047.62
19855.225.791.712.864.365.3410.074.071.974.122.622.5450.67
19861.211.792.450.423.663.871.615.562.525.249.663.0841.07
19875.895.824.771.036.034.592.303.963.521.163.173.0845.32
19885.552.523.183.181.220.792.953.438.573.416.332.8443.97
19894.764.315.703.403.828.006.420.387.381.524.633.3953.71
19907.387.435.812.384.122.083.160.592.042.984.025.4747.46
19913.194.275.424.878.907.524.004.593.020.074.003.6453.49
19923.223.963.362.611.185.347.417.435.702.187.945.2755.60
19936.112.354.402.993.931.471.162.724.623.222.224.0139.20
19945.104.787.563.773.745.417.754.054.675.393.934.1060.25
19953.854.373.634.423.153.071.811.515.5311.906.974.9155.12
19969.593.0910.592.705.162.178.504.455.833.554.003.2862.91
19976.314.823.235.084.415.555.992.744.005.493.744.1355.49
19988.068.526.367.994.033.257.758.980.521.174.376.2767.27
19998.632.346.752.035.379.043.130.810.654.162.733.1348.77
20005.722.1710.678.190.882.894.622.201.661.268.141.8450.24
20015.234.358.437.305.257.533.617.386.262.434.204.7666.73
POR=106 YRS5.064.786.064.734.234.035.224.133.472.823.854.9353.31
AVERAGE TEMPERATURE (F) 2001 BIRMINGHAM (MUNICIPAL AIRPORT), AL (BHM)
YEARJANFEBMARAPRMAYJUNJULAUGSEPOCTNOVDECANNUAL
197247.246.953.763.167.274.276.978.875.161.748.947.761.8
197340.742.358.658.167.575.979.477.277.266.656.245.062.1
197452.847.361.261.571.072.779.278.470.160.652.747.362.9
197549.150.153.960.572.476.478.179.170.263.554.144.662.7
197639.154.358.761.564.274.478.377.071.957.445.541.260.3
197731.644.857.365.272.479.883.482.175.759.955.044.162.6
197833.537.450.262.968.277.181.579.876.960.657.946.161.0
197937.744.055.263.469.875.179.978.471.463.952.845.961.5
198045.242.351.460.970.077.684.483.078.460.352.444.062.5
198139.248.251.367.167.880.682.279.271.961.854.642.762.2
198241.947.358.959.172.675.780.779.673.164.254.151.263.2
198340.644.850.856.667.374.180.381.771.763.051.939.860.2
198438.546.852.459.067.577.178.277.572.171.151.454.362.2
198535.543.256.763.769.576.278.178.272.067.361.040.261.8
198641.949.955.561.871.278.682.577.876.963.957.444.063.5
198742.146.954.659.573.876.780.582.073.156.854.549.162.5
198839.743.554.161.267.677.579.881.574.457.755.245.861.5
198948.945.756.460.367.775.579.279.572.561.952.938.061.5
199049.054.557.060.768.977.879.882.377.563.955.749.764.7
199144.849.755.865.773.176.981.480.875.465.150.049.364.0
199243.450.653.861.067.474.780.475.673.461.551.745.861.6
199347.044.950.458.868.778.583.881.273.261.951.744.462.0
199439.649.354.665.367.578.578.078.072.164.157.049.262.8
199544.446.257.463.772.075.683.284.874.562.548.043.663.0
199642.646.050.959.173.377.279.978.671.862.652.048.761.9
199744.750.559.558.266.074.480.377.974.962.749.743.061.8
199846.748.052.760.973.480.382.280.478.267.657.350.764.9
199949.351.251.667.269.977.181.783.674.864.055.546.764.4
200044.552.258.059.474.377.682.681.674.265.852.038.163.4
200140.151.049.764.570.575.380.178.571.660.658.649.362.5
POR=106 YRS44.747.154.962.670.477.680.179.674.964.153.546.063.0

REFERENCE NOTES:

PAGE 1:

THE TEMPERATURE GRAPH SHOWS NORMAL MAXIMUM AND NORMAL MINIMUM DAILY TEMPERATURES (SOLID CURVES) AND THE ACTUAL DAILY HIGH AND LOW TEMPERATURES (VERTICAL BARS).

PAGE 2 AND 3:

H/C INDICATES HEATING AND COOLING DEGREE DAYS.

RH INDICATES RELATIVE HUMIDITY

W/O INDICATES WEATHER AND OBSTRUCTIONS

S INDICATES SUNSHINE.

PR INDICATES PRESSURE.

CLOUDINESS ON PAGE 3 IS THE SUM OF THE CEILOMETER AND SATELLITE DATA NOT TO EXCEED EIGHT EIGHTHS (OKTAS).

GENERAL:

T INDICATES TRACE PRECIPITATION, AN AMOUNT GREATER THAN ZERO BUT LESS THAN THE LOWEST REPORTABLE VALUE.

+ INDICATES THE VALUE ALSO OCCURS ON EARLIER DATES.

BLANK ENTRIES DENOTE MISSING OR UNREPORTED DATA.

NORMALS ARE 30–YEAR AVERAGES (1961–1990).

ASOS INDICATES AUTOMATED SURFACE OBSERVING SYSTEM.

PM INDICATES THE LAST DAY OF THE PREVIOUS MONTH.

POR (PERIOD OF RECORD) BEGINS WITH THE JANUARY DATA MONTH AND IS THE NUMBER OF YEARS USED TO COMPUTE THE MEAN. INDIVIDUAL MONTHS WITHIN THE POR MAY BE MISSING.

WHEN THE POR FOR A NORMAL IS LESS THAN 30 YEARS, THE NORMAL IS PROVISIONAL AND IS BASED ON THE NUMBER OF YEARS INDICATED.

0.* OR * INDICATES THE VALUE OR MEAN–DAYS–WITH IS BETWEEN 0.00 AND 0.05.

CLOUDINESS FOR ASOS STATIONS DIFFERS FROM THE NON–ASOS OBSERVATION TAKEN BY A HUMAN OBSERVER. ASOS STATION CLOUDINESS IS BASED ON TIME–AVERAGED CEILOMETER DATA FOR CLOUDS AT OR BELOW 12,000 FEET AND ON SATELLITE DATA FOR CLOUDS ABOVE 12,000 FEET.

THE NUMBER OF DAYS WITH CLEAR, PARTLY CLOUDY, AND CLOUDY CONDITIONS FOR ASOS STATIONS IS THE SUM OF THE CEILOMETER AND SATELLITE DATA FOR THE SUNRISE TO SUNSET PERIOD.

GENERAL CONTINUED:

CLEAR INDICATES 0–2 OKTAS, PARTLY CLOUDY INDICATES 3–6 OKTAS, AND CLOUDY INDICATES 7 OR 8 OKTAS. WHEN AT LEAST ONE OF THE ELEMENTS (CEILOMETER OR SATELLITE) IS MISSING, THE DAILY CLOUDINESS IS NOT COMPUTED.

WIND DIRECTION IS RECORDED IN TENS OF DEGREES (2 DIGITS) CLOCKWISE FROM TRUE NORTH. "00" INDICATES CALM. "36" INDICATES TRUE NORTH.

RESULTANT WIND IS THE VECTOR AVERAGE OF THE SPEED AND DIRECTION.

AVERAGE TEMPERATURE IS THE SUM OF THE MEAN DAILY MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM TEMPERATURE DIVIDED BY 2.

SNOWFALL DATA COMPRISE ALL FORMS OF FROZEN PRECIPITATION, INCLUDING HAIL.

A HEATING (COOLING) DEGREE DAY IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE AVERAGE DAILY TEMPERATURE AND 65 F.

DRY BULB IS THE TEMPERATURE OF THE AMBIENT AIR.

DEW POINT IS THE TEMPERATURE TO WHICH THE AIR MUST BE COOLED TO ACHIEVE 100 PERCENT RELATIVE HUMIDITY.

WET BULB IS THE TEMPERATURE THE AIR WOULD HAVE IF THE MOISTURE CONTENT WAS INCREASED TO 100 PERCENT RELATIVE HUMIDITY.

ON JULY 1, 1996, THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE BEGAN USING THE "METAR" OBSERVATION CODE THAT WAS ALREADY EMPLOYED BY MOST OTHER NATIONS OF THE WORLD. THE MOST NOTICEABLE DIFFERENCE IN THIS ANNUAL PUBLICATION WILL BE THE CHANGE IN UNITS FROM TENTHS TO EIGHTS (OKTAS) FOR REPORTING THE AMOUNT OF SKY COVER.

HEATING DEGREE DAYS (base 65 F) 2001 BIRMINGHAM (MUNICIPAL AIRPORT), AL (BHM)
YEARJULAUGSEPOCTNOVDECJANFEBMARAPRMAYJUNTOTAL
1972-730091354865347496292172284803035
1973-7400373285615374491161147902158
1974-750019159378542493412361190202556
1975-7600491053496267953142131296502645
1976-77007241580732102656625273503482
1977-780001762926409677684521204203457
1978-79000160220578839584303833302800
1979-800001013655886046554171441402888
1980-81007181372642795464428465102986
1981-820019138314682711490250199402807
1982-8300161343314497515584372623902977
1983-8400261083887748175193922026823296
1984-850010274103309076042781231632708
1985-860014621657617114153051322102586
1986-87010112239644705500320201002722
1987-880052483154887776163471341802948
1988-890002342895894925452892006502703
1989-9000271403638344912992651723202623
1990-91001613828247462042130446702308
1991-920012974554926634093441734602691
1992-930061163985875505594521962002884
1993-940016153411633780433328903102875
1994-95003822414836325202501012402336
1995-9600121375096626865604402031203221
1996-9700101213904986283991882094602489
1997-980011624506765624694001501352888
1998-990004723146248338340873802095
1999-000012107279559634370219175102356
2000-01001084419828766392466101303069
2001-0032183200478
COOLING DEGREE DAYS (base 65 F) 2001 BIRMINGHAM (MUNICIPAL AIRPORT), AL (BHM)
YEARJANFEBMARAPRMAYJUNJULAUGSEPOCTNOVDECANNUAL
1972467889329137943431840821670
19730024281323334523853761292801887
1974435248204238450418180281501640
1975802661241351416447211662921858
19760825274829041837621915101427
197705218524145057853732925012272
197800064151370515463365341211975
19790184318830846642419874721719
19800462517638660756341343202225
198101911314547553944823146902016
198210652824732749545926511812272044
19830071711528148152823353201717
1984001130151373421395230221661844
19850127901633494134172331395111884
1986001643222413547406364841802113
1987005462803574875322541731972
198800132610538246751629214101816
1989014276515532344745925751301801
19901142149160393466543398110942168
19910028742663645154963331069102201
19920025912929848433326514501589
199300519140410591511271631802028
1994001010911540841041122158801750
199520236724732357162030167332227
1996016103428037447042821954811894
19976123148228748140430399001700
19981027342774705384844031346262400
199975014616837152458031283002196
2000389122983855535212941173702237
200106095182314473423234531701797
SNOWFALL (inches) 2001 BIRMINGHAM (MUNICIPAL AIRPORT), AL (BHM)
YEARJULAUGSEPOCTNOVDECJANFEBMARAPRMAYJUNTOTAL
1972-730.00.00.00.00.00.0T0.00.00.00.00.0T
1973-740.00.00.00.00.0T0.0T0.00.00.00.0T
1974-750.00.00.00.0T0.4TTT0.00.00.00.4
1975-760.00.00.00.0TTT0.00.00.00.00.0T
1976-770.00.00.00.0TT1.4T0.00.00.00.01.4
1977-780.00.00.00.00.0T1.9TT0.00.00.01.9
1978-790.00.00.00.00.00.0TT0.00.00.00.0T
1979-800.00.00.00.00.00.0TT0.30.00.00.00.3
1980–810.00.00.00.0TT0.0T0.00.00.00.0T
1981–820.00.00.00.00.0T2.10.0T0.00.00.02.1
1982–830.00.00.00.00.0T1.0T1.50.00.00.02.5
1983–840.00.00.00.00.0TTT2.00.00.00.02.0
1984–850.00.00.00.00.0TT0.30.00.00.00.00.3
1985–860.00.00.00.00.0TTT0.00.00.00.0T
1986–870.00.00.00.00.0T2.60.0T5.00.00.07.6
1987–880.00.00.00.00.00.01.0T0.00.00.00.01.0
1988-890.00.00.00.00.0T0.0TTT0.00.0T
1989-900.00.00.00.0T0.40.0T0.00.0TT0.4
1990-91T0.00.00.00.0TTTTT0.0TT
1991-920.00.00.00.0T0.04.40.0T0.0TT4.4
1992-930.00.0TT0.00.00.0T13.00.0T0.013.0
1993-940.00.00.0T0.0TT0.0T0.00.00.0T
1994-95T0.00.00.00.00.0T1.0T0.0T0.01.0
1995-960.00.00.00.0TT0.31.2T0.0T0.01.5
1996-970.00.00.00.00.0TTT0.00.0T0.0T
1997-980.00.00.00.0T1.7TTTT0.0T1.7
1998-99T0.00.00.0TT0.0T0.0T
1999-000.00.00.00.00.00.03.0TTT0.00.03.0
2000–01T0.00.00.0TTTTTT0.0TT
2001–0.00.00.00.00.00.0
POR=57 YRST0.0TT0.00.30.60.20.30.1TT1.5

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2001 Birmingham (Municipal Airport), Alabama (BHM)