Nuffield, William Morris, 1st Viscount (1877–1963). Born in Worcester, Nuffield attended school at Cowley where he became a cycle repairer and, by 1896, a manufacturer. By 1901 his partnership with Joseph Cooper produced motor-cycles from components bought from midland suppliers. By 1903 he was repairing motor cars, and, in 1909 he was running the Morris Garage which sold various car models and had a hire department. In 1912 he established WRM Motors to sell his own Morris Oxford cars for £150, in 1914 producing 1,000 cars. The Cowley works made cars for the man in the street with all profits reinvested in the firm. In the early 1930s assembly-line production was introduced for the Morris 8 and by 1938 annual output reached 100,000 vehicles. In 1951 the firm merged with Austin to become the British Motor Corporation. Lord Nuffield endowed educational and medical activities through the British United Provident Association, the Nuffield Foundation, and Nuffield College of Oxford University.

Ian John Ernest Keil

Nuffield, William Richard Morris, 1st Viscount (1877–1963) English automobile manufacturer and philanthropist. Nuffield developed low-price, mass-produced cars and revolutionized the British car industry. In 1952 he became chairman of the British Motor Corporation (BMC), which was an amalgamation of the Morris and Austin companies.