Pino Suárez, José María (1869–1913)

José María Pino Suárez (b. 8 September 1869; d. 22 February 1913), vice president of Mexico (1912–1913). Pino Suárez was a prominent prerevolutionary politician and anti-reelectionist who became the only truly popularly elected Mexican vice president, the last individual to occupy that post in the twentieth century. Born on a hacienda in Tenosique, Tabasco, of a modest family, Pino Suárez completed his studies in law in Mérida, Yucatán, graduating 12 September 1894. In 1904, he founded El Peninsular, which he directed. He became active in opposing the government of Porfirio Díaz, and directed the anti-reelectionists in Yucatán, Campeche, and Tabasco. He supported Madero in 1909, and became president of the National Independent Convention of Anti-reelectionist Parties and National Democratic parties in 1910. His role in opposing Díaz was dangerous and caused him to flee the country in 1910–1911. After returning in 1911, he served as a member of Madero's provisional government in Ciudad Juárez and as provisional governor of Yucatán. He served as secretary of public education while vice president. He and President Madero were murdered at the order of Victoriano Huerta.

See alsoHuerta, Victoriano; Madero, Francisco Indalecio.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Pepe Bulnes, Pino Suárez, el caballero de la lealtad (1969); Diego Arenas Guzmán, José María Pino Suárez, 2d ed. (1985).

Martha Poblett Miranda, José María Pino Suárez, semblanza (1986).

Additional Bibliography

Krauze, Enrique. Mexico: Biography of Power: A History of Modern Mexico, 1810–1996. New York: Harper Perennial, 1998.

McLynn, Frank. Villa and Zapata: A History of the Mexican Revolution. New York: Carroll and Graf, 2001.

                                     Roderic Ai Camp