BURWELL, Carter

Composer. Nationality: American. Born: New York, 18 November 1955. Education: Harvard, B.A. in Fine Arts; studied computer animation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; studied computers and music, New York Institute of Technology. Career: Played keyboards in band The Same, and toured with David Hykes and The Harmonic Choir, late 1970s-early 1980s; chosen by Joel and Ethan Coen to score their first film, Blood Simple, 1984. Awards: Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Best Music, for Fargo, 1996; Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best Music, for Gods and Monsters, 1998. Agent: Creative Artists Agency, 9830 Wilshire Blvd., Beverly Hills, CA 90212–1825, U.S.A.

Films as Composer:

1984

Blood Simple (Coen and Coen)

1985

A Hero of Our Time (Almereyda)

1986

Psycho III (Perkins)

1987

Raising Arizona (Coen and Coen)

1988

Pass the Ammo (Beaird); It Takes Two (Beaird); The Beat (Mones)

1989

Checking Out (Leland)

1990

Miller's Crossing (Coen and Coen)

1991

Doc Hollywood (Caton-Jones); Barton Fink (Coen and Coen); Scorchers (Beaird)

1992

Buffy the Vampire Slayer (Kuzui); Waterland (Gyllenhaal); Storyville (Frost)

1993

This Boy's Life (Caton-Jones); Kalifornia (Sena); A Dangerous Woman (Gyllenhaal); And the Band Played On (Spottiswoode—for TV); Wayne's World 2 (Surjik)

1994

It Could Happen to You (Bergman); The Hudsucker Proxy (Coen and Coen); Airheads (Lehmann)

1995

Children Remember the Holocaust (doc) (Gordon); Bad Company (Harris); Rob Roy (Caton-Jones); A Goofy Movie (Lima); The Celluloid Closet (doc) (Epstein and Friedman); Two Bits (Foley)

1996

The Chamber (Foley); Fargo (Coen and Coen); Fear (Foley); Joe's Apartment (Payson)

1997

Girls Night Out (Paci); Picture Perfect (Coron); Assassin(s) (Kassovitz); Conspiracy Theory (Donner); The Locusts (Kelley); The Spanish Prisoner (Mamet); The Jackal (Caton-Jones)

1998

Gods and Monsters (Condon); The Big Lebowski (Coen and Coen); Velvet Goldmine (Haynes); The Hi-Lo Country (Frears)

1999

The Corruptor (Foley); The General's Daughter (West); Being John Malkovich (Jonze); Three Kings (Russell); Mystery, Alaska (Roach)

2000

Hamlet (Almereyda); What Planet Are You From? (Nichols); High Fidelity (Frears)

Publications

On BURWELL: articles—

Herson, Bob, "Off the Beaten Track," in Cineaste (New York), vol. 23, no. 4, 1998.

San, Helen, "Carter Burwell: Passion Under Pressure," at Cinemusic Online, http://www.cinemusic.net/spotlight/1999/cb-spotlight.html, February 1999.

Carter Burwell is among the most chameleonic of modern film composers. Though his music certainly has recognizable traits, his work for the first seven films by Joel and Ethan Coen is greatly varied in style—far from instantly identifiable, at least when compared to the scores of Angelo Badalamenti for David Lynch, or Bernard Herrmann for Alfred Hitchcock (or for anyone else). In the mid-to-late 1990s Burwell has also been among the most prolific of American film composers, averaging five scores per year while working on everything from risk-taking independent films to big summer spectacles—e.g., from Being John Malkovich to Conspiracy Theory, with A Goofy Movie for good measure. One can single out particular musical characteristics of a Burwell score—favorite chord progressions, a fondness for wistful little themes for solo piano or occasionally celesta or the like against soft strings—but perhaps what his scores most have in common is a general "thoughtfulness" and subtlety, compared to the "blast-'em-with-the-big-theme-again" philosophy of many current Hollywood composers. While "self-effacing" would be the wrong term for Burwell, he does appear to subscribe to the classic position that movie music should seldom call attention to itself, but always serve the drama.

A look at the Coen brothers' first three films reveals some of Burwell's range. His first film score, for Blood Simple (a noirish thriller with black comedy very close to the Coens' later Fargo), is nothing if not understated, but effective in its quiet way. Lightly scored (mainly with a synthesizer), the music is neither conventionally suspenseful nor grotesquely humorous, though there are occasional menacing groaning sounds; more often we hear a pensive sort of solo piano music ("eerie" would be overstating the case). Raising Arizona is inventive in completely different ways. The cartoonish and mostly illegal activities of the redneck characters are fittingly accompanied by banjo music of the Bonnie and Clyde variety, though with the addition of yodeling vocals and odd bits like a Country version of Beethoven's "Ode to Joy." Yet there are also musical moments that are almost indefinable in mood, though somehow "right," like the abrupt, possibly teasing, synthesizer notes when Nicholas Cage's character is attempting to steal one of the quints. (One might have thought the scene called for the kind of comical suspense music one hears in a Warner Brothers cartoon, but Burwell rarely goes for the conventional.) The historical gangster drama Miller's Crossing does not use music for most of its dialogue, and some violent scenes are backed by old-fashioned songs for Irish tenor ("Danny Boy" and "Good Night, Sweetheart") to ironic effect; but Burwell comes up with a stately, very Irish-sounding theme—this is his first orchestral score—for the opening and final credits and some scenes between Tom and Verna, with solo oboe playing a traditional melody and cymbals punctuating the bigger restatements.

As for the Coens' more recent Fargo, with its murder spree in Minnesota, the title music, strangely enough, has a medieval or folk flavor, modal with harp and what sound like viols; later drums introduce a bigger, more solemn version of the music in a more definite minor key. Hearing the music alone, one might expect something more along the lines of Ivanhoe, but in fact the "medieval" theme will be used again to introduce the crime-solving police officer Marge, and played even as she dines at Hardee's. The film does contain what seems mock-ominous music, as during shots of the Paul Bunyan statue, yet the score as a whole is very far from either suspenseful or satirical in any obvious way, though it does keep a sort of ironic distance from the action. Curiously, it even makes certain scenes (e.g., ones involving Marge) touching that might otherwise seem deliberately ludicrous. Much the same might be said about Burwell's score for Spike Jonze's Being John Malkovich, where the plot itself is sufficiently weird without any need for a joking soundtrack; if anything, the score could be called wistful, as in the puppet music.

Burwell's music for directors besides the Coens is equally varied. For example, Richard Donner's Conspiracy Theory is the sort of film that calls for a great deal of soundtrack music, filled as it is with suspense sequences, extensive driving on the streets of New York, and a much more prominent love drama than most thrillers contain. Burwell does offer some fairly typical "thriller music," including one theme with a Peter Gunn rhythm for some street scenes, and some jazzy passages that may recall the scores of John Barry, but much of his contribution is extremely subtle. As is often the case for this composer, some of the action scenes are accompanied so deftly (but not softly, and not routinely) that one hardly notices how well the music is doing its job. For the romance between Mel Gibson and Julia Roberts, music is particularly needed to convey the true feelings of the hero, who is extremely inarticulate and motivated by repressed memories; again Burwell's music is stirring without being either sentimental or grandiose.

For Richard Condon's Gods and Monsters, about the twilight years of the "forgotten" film director James Whale and his troubled involvement with a young gardener on his estate—a story with echoes of Death in Venice and Sunset Boulevard—Burwell again avoids heavy sentimentality, especially of the sort which Franz Waxman used for Whale's The Bride of Frankenstein, scenes from which are shown in Condon's film. We do get a sad waltz during a dream near the very end, and a solo violin passage that gently connects to the Hermit's playing for the Monster in Whale's movie; but as usual, it is very hard to attach a simple emotional label to most of Burwell's score, whose main theme is more a delicately orchestrated series of chords than an identifiable tune. For certain dramatic scenes late in the film the music editors do seem to have laid on the music rather mindlessly and almost inaudibly, but for the flashbacks and fantasies that Whale (Ian McKellen) slips into, the music is hauntingly appropriate.

In line with what could be called a non-egotistical approach to scoring, Burwell has also proven a successful collaborator and adapter. In a film like Velvet Goldmine, about glam-rock musicians of the 1970s, his synthesizer and guitar accompaniments discreetly contribute to the mostly pop score. For Rob Roy, he combines his own themes with traditional Celtic music performed by folk specialists. For the Coens' The Hudsucker Proxy he features music by Aram Khatchaturian, chiefly the love theme from the ballet Spartacus (truly a "big theme" of practically Max Steiner dimensions, with its "Stormy Weather" first notes), for mocking effect. Like film composers of an older generation Burwell is good at evoking exotic settings—but rather than compose in the "Hollywood-Oriental" styles once standard for pictures set in China or the Middle East, he uses authentic instruments and creates unusual pastiches of Western and other music. An example is his score for The Corruptor, a Hong-Kong-action-comes-to-NY-Chinatown thriller, featuring actual Chinese stringed instruments and woodwinds but with an American pop-rhythm accompaniment. Three Kings, with its Gulf War setting, has an especially eclectic score: it uses Middle Eastern sounds, but also does not hesitate to borrow a chorus from Handel for a drive across the desert. Some stretches of military action have only a drum set accompaniment, while music connected to "treasure" is quiet, with chime-like sounds, later overlaid with Middle Eastern music when the soldiers find the gold.

"Never obvious" could practically be this composer's motto. For better or worse, there is nothing in Burwell's music like Trevor Jones' stirring main theme for Michael Mann's Last of the Mohicans. A recurring theme for Rob Roy is about as close as he comes to such a style: a tender melody, first played by folk instruments, but suitable for statement by full orchestra during the film's grander moments. Still, the moody, thoughtful scores he has created for an astonishing variety of films have made him one of the distinguished film composers of his generation.

—Joseph Milicia

BURWELL, Carter 1955–

PERSONAL

Born November 18, 1955, in New York, NY; married Christine Sciulli, 1999. Education: Harvard University, degree in architecture, 1977.

Addresses:

Agent—Creative Artists Agency, 9830 Wilshire Blvd., Beverly Hills, CA 90212.

Career:

Composer, orchestrator, and actor. Played keyboards in band The Same, and toured with David Hykes and The Harmonic Choir, c. late 1970s–early 1980s; provided score for Every Possible Picture Machine (visual art piece), 2001; previously worked as a biology lab worker.

Awards, Honors:

Chicago Film Critics Association Award, best original score, 1997, for Fargo; ASCAP Award, top box office films, American Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers, 1998, for Conspiracy Theory; Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award, best music, 1998, for Gods and Monsters; Below–the–Line Award, Gotham Awards, 1999; ASCAP Award, top box office films, 2000, for The General's Daughter; Rota Soundtrack award, Venice Film Festival, 2000, World Soundtrack Award nomination, best original soundtrack of the year, 2001, for Before Night Falls; Online Film Critics Society Award nomination (with T–Bone Burnett), best original score, Chicago Film Critics Association Award nomination (with Burnett), best original score, Florida Film Critics Circle Award (with Burnett), best soundtrack and score, 2001, all for O Brother, Where Art Thou?; World Soundtrack Award nomination, soundtrack composer of the year, 2001, for A Knight's Tale, Book of Shadows: Blair Witch 2, and Before Night Falls; ASCAP Award, top box office films, 2003, for The Rookie.

CREDITS

Film Work:

Computer graphics artist (NYIT) and model maker, Lensman (also known as SF Shinseiki Lensman and Lensman: Secret of the Lens), 1984.

Musician: keyboards, Kalifornia, 1993.

Conductor and orchestrator, The Celluloid Closet (also known as Gefangen in der Traumfabrik), 1995.

Piano, Bad Company, Buena Vista, 1995.

Conductor, Rob Roy, United Artists, 1995.

Conductor and orchestrator, The Chamber, Universal, 1996.

Conductor and orchestrator, Fargo, 1996.

Featured musician, Mr. Jealousy, 1997.

Conductor, Conspiracy Theory, 1997.

Orchestra conductor and orchestrations, Picture Perfect, Twentieth Century–Fox, 1997.

Conductor and orchestrator, The Spanish Prisoner, Sony Pictures Classics, 1997.

Orchestrator: original music, The Big Lebowski, Gramercy, 1998.

Conductor and orchestrator, Gods and Monsters, 1998.

Conductor, The Hi–Lo Country (also known as Hi–Lo Country—Im Land der letzten Cowboys), Gramercy, 1998.

Conductor and orchestrator, Being John Malkovich, USA Films, 1999.

Conductor and orchestrator, Three Kings, Warner Bros., 1999.

Orchestra conductor, Mystery, Alaska, Buena Vista, 1999.

Conductor and orchestrator, Hamlet, Miramax, 2000.

Music performer and music recordist, Book of Shadows: Blair Witch 2, Artisan Entertainment, 2000.

Conductor and orchestrator, The Man Who Wasn't There, USA Films, 2001.

Conductor and orchestrator, S1m0ne, New Line Cinema, 2002.

Orchestrations and music conductor, Intolerable Cruelty, Universal, 2003.

Music producer, orchestrations, music arranger, orchestra conductor, and on–camera music arrangements, The Alamo, Buena Vista, 2004.

Film Appearances:

Composer, "Death or Kid," Funny, Original Cinema, 1988.

Piano player, Scorchers, 1991.

The roach chorus, Joe's Apartment, Warner Bros., 1996.

Television Appearances; Specials:

The 9th Annual Gotham Awards, Metroguide Network, 1999.

Television Appearances; Episodic:

Himself, Sonic Cinema, Sundance Channel, 2002.

WRITINGS

Film Scores:

Blood Simple, 1984.

A Hero of Our Time, 1985.

(And songs) Psycho 3 (also known as Psicosis 3 and Pyscose 3), Universal, 1986.

Raising Arizona, Twentieth Century–Fox, 1987.

Pass the Ammo, New Century, 1988.

It Takes Two (also known as My New Car), Warner Bros., 1988.

The Beat (also known as The Conjurer), Vestron Video, 1988.

Checking Out, Warner Bros., 1989.

Miller's Crossing, Twentieth Century–Fox, 1990.

Scorchers, Fox Video, 1991.

(And song "The Millwood Stomp") Doc Hollywood, Warner Bros., 1991.

Barton Fink, Twentieth Century–Fox, 1991.

Waterland, Fine Line, 1992.

Buffy the Vampire Slayer, Twentieth Century–Fox, 1992.

Storyville, Twentieth Century–Fox, 1992.

A Dangerous Woman, Gramercy, 1993.

Kalifornia, 1993.

This Boy's Life, Warner Bros., 1993.

Wayne's World 2, Paramount, 1993.

The Hudsucker Proxy (also known as Hudsucker—Der grosse Sprung), Warner Bros., 1994.

Airheads, Twentieth Century–Fox, 1994.

It Could Happen to You (also known as Cop Tips Waitress $2 Million), TriStar, 1994.

XXXTasy: Two Days in the Life of a Saint, 1994.

The Celluloid Closet (also known as Gefangen in der Traumfabrik), Sony Pictures Classics, 1995.

Bad Company, Buena Vista, 1995.

Rob Roy, United Artists, 1995.

A Goofy Movie, Buena Vista, 1995.

Two Bits (also known as A Day to Remember), Miramax, 1995.

The Chamber, Universal, 1996.

Fargo, Gramercy, 1996.

Fear (also known as No Fear and Obsession mortelle), Universal, 1996.

Joe's Apartment, Warner Bros., 1996.

The Spanish Prisoner, Sony Pictures Classics, 1997.

Picture Perfect, Twentieth Century–Fox, 1997.

The Locusts (also known as A Secret Sin), Metro–Goldwyn–Mayer, 1997.

Girls Night Out, 1997.

Assassin(s), Warner Bros., 1997.

Conspiracy Theory, Warner Bros., 1997.

The Jackal (also known as Le chacal and Der Schakal), Universal, 1997.

Velvet Goldmine, Miramax, 1998.

(Uncredited; some scenes only) Mercury Rising, 1998.

The Hi–Lo Country (also known as Hi–Lo Country—Im Land der letzten Cowboys), Gramercy, 1998.

Gods and Monsters, Lions Gate Films, 1998.

The Big Lebowski, Gramercy, 1998.

The Corruptor, New Line Cinema, 1999.

The General's Daughter (also known as Wherlos—Die Tochter des Generals), Paramount, 1999.

Mystery, Alaska, Buena Vista, 1999.

Being John Malkovich, USA Films, 1999.

Three Kings, Warner Bros., 1999.

Hamlet, Miramax, 2000.

What Planet Are You From?, Columbia, 2000.

Before Night Falls (also known as Antes que anochezca), El Mar Pictures, 2000.

Book of Shadows: Blair Witch 2 (also known as BW2, BWP2, and Book of Shadows: Blair Witch Project 2), Artisan Entertainment, 2000.

A Knight's Tale, Sony Pictures Entertainment, 2001.

The Man Who Wasn't There, USA Films, 2001.

The Rookie, Buena Vista, 2002.

Searching for Paradise, Sundance Channel Home Entertainment, 2002.

S1m0ne, New Line Cinema, 2002.

Adaptation, Sony Pictures Entertainment, 2002.

Intolerable Cruelty, Universal, 2003.

Minnesota Nice (documentary short film), Metro, 2003.

Shooting "Miller's Crossing" (documentary short film), Twentieth Century–Fox Home Entertainment, 2003.

The Ladykillers, Buena Vista, 2004.

The Alamo, Buena Vista, 2004.

Kinsey, Fox Searchlight Pictures, 2004.

Serenity, Universal, 2005.

Wrote unused scores for Kiss the Girls, 1997, and Gigli.

Film Additional Music:

O Brother, Where Art Thou? (also known as O' Brother), Buena Vista, 2000.

Television Scores; Movies:

And the Band Played On, HBO, 1993.

Television Additional Music; Movies:

Framed, HBO, 1990.

Television Scores; Specials:

Children Remember the Holocaust (also known as Nothing But Sun), CBS, 1995.

Television Opening Themes; Series:

Dilbert (animated), UPN, 1998–99.

Stage Scores:

Celestial Alphabet Event, One Dream Theatre, New York City, 1991.

Essays:

"Music at Six," Espous, 2003.

OTHER SOURCES

Books:

International Dictionary of Films and Filmmakers, Volume 4: Writers and Production Artists, 4th edition, St. James Press, 2000.