Alfonso II, 1152–96, king of Aragón (1162–96) and, as Raymond Berengar V, count of Barcelona (1162–96); son and successor of Raymond Berengar IV of Barcelona and Petronilla of Aragón. He inherited Provence (1166), which he successfully defended against the counts of Toulouse, and Roussillon (1172). He conquered (1171) Teruel from the Moors and, after releasing himself from homage to Alfonso VIII of Castile, concluded with him the Treaty of Cazorla (1179), which reserved the reconquest of Valencia for Aragón. He was succeeded in Aragón by his eldest son, Peter II, and in Provence by a younger son.

Alfonso II (Alfonso the Chaste), 759–842, Spanish king of Asturias (791–842), grandson of Alfonso I. He established his capital at Oviedo, which his father, Fruela I, had founded. Continuing the struggle against the Moors, he sought the support of the Frankish emperors Charlemagne and Louis I. Alfonso II built the first church on the site of Santiago de Compostela.

Alfonso II (Alfonso the Fat), 1185–1223, king of Portugal (1211–23), son and successor of Sancho I. His reign was spent in struggles with the church and his brothers and sisters, to whom his father had left many of his estates. Alfonso's measures against the church holdings and the bishops led to his excommunication (1219). Though he was himself unwarlike, Alfonso's army took part in the major victory over the Moors at Las Navas de Tolosa (1212) and captured (1217) Alcácer do Sal. He was succeeded by his son Sancho II (reigned 1223–48).