Atuona (ätwō´nə) or Atuana (ätwä´nə), town, in the Marquesas Islands, South Pacific, in French Polynesia. Situated on the southern coast of the island of Hiva Oa, Atuona overlooks the Bay of Traitors. Gauguin lived in Atuona Valley and is buried there.

Hiva Oa (hē´vä ō´ä), volcanic island, 154 sq mi (399 sq km), South Pacific, second largest and the most important of the Marquesas Islands, French Polynesia. Hiva Oa is the seat of Atuona, former capital of the Marquesas. The Bay of Traitors, protected by ridges c.3,000 ft (910 m) high, provides a good harbor. Copra is the chief export.