LITURGY, ARTICLES ON

In this encyclopedia, the two principal articles in this area are liturgy, which discusses the definition and nature of liturgy, and liturgics, which surveys the field of liturgical studies, i.e., the historical, theological and pastoral study of the Church's liturgical rites, ceremonies and other public worship activities. The entry liturgical theology treats the systematic and pastoral theologies of liturgical worship. liturgical history, a comprehensive four-part entry, discusses historical developments in the Church's worship. Other specific issues in liturgical history include easter controversy. Twentieth-century endeavors to restore the liturgy to its place of primacy in the life of the Church are described in liturgical movement; liturgical conference; mediator dei; and mystery theology.

The principal entry on the Mass is eucharist in contemporary catholic theology. Related entries on the various categories of Masses, communion services and eucharistic devotion outside of Mass are: benediction of the blessed sacrament; communion service; eucharist outside mass, worship of the; eucharistic devotion; eucharistic elevation; forty hours devotion; mass, dry; masses, votive; red mass; requiem mass; and tridentine mass. The following special treatments of the individual parts of the Mass are provided: agnus dei; anamnesis; asperges; commingling; creed in eucharistic liturgy; embolism; epiclesis; eucharistic elevation; fermentum; general intercessions; homily; introit; kiss of peace; lord's prayer, the; oratio super populum; preface; sanctus; and sequence.

The use of specific items in the liturgy are covered in the following entries: ashes, liturgical use of; bread, liturgical use of; diptychs, liturgical use of; incense, light, liturgical use of; palms, liturgical use of; water, liturgical use of; and wine, liturgical use of. For general information on various liturgical rituals, ceremonies, actions, formulas, rubrics and laws, see antiphon; apologies, liturgical; blessings, liturgical; concelebration; doxology, liturgical; litany; oremus; processions, religious; liturgical acclamations; liturgical colors; liturgical gestures; liturgical languages; liturgical laws, authority of; anointing of the sick, liturgy of; commendation of the dying; funeral rites; viaticum; and ordinations in the roman rite.

The liturgical year, calendars and feasts of the Church are covered in liturgical year in the roman rite; liturgical calendars; all saints, solemnity of; all souls' day; baptism of the lord; candlemas; christ the king, feast of; christmas and its cycle; corpus et sanguinis christi; easter and its cycle; easter vigil; ember days; epiphany, solemnity of; good friday; holy thursday; holy week; lent; marian feasts; martyrology, roman; sanctoral cycle; sunday; tenebrae; and triduum.

The liturgy of the hours is treated in the general articles liturgy of the hours; breviary, roman; little office of the blessed virgin mary; and office of the dead. Specific hours are discussed in matins; lauds; little hours; vespers and compline.

The various roles exercised in the celebration of the liturgy are discussed under acolyte; cantor in christian liturgy; deacon; lector; master of ceremonies; papal ceremony and vesture; and sacristan. Service books used in the Roman rite receive a general treatment in liturgical books of the roman rite and specific treatment in ceremonial of bishops; evangelary (book of gospels); lectionaries; lectionary for masses with children; missal, roman; pontifical, roman; ritual, roman; and sacramentaries, ii: contemporary. Historical developments are discussed under their respective titles, e.g., gelasian sacramentary; gregorian sacramentary; leonine sacramentary; libelli missarum; ordinals, roman; pericopes; sacramentaries, i: historical; and stowe missal.

The liturgical families of Christendom are introduced by the overview article liturgical rites. The liturgical families of the East are treated in alexandrian liturgy; antiochene liturgy; armenian liturgy; byzantine liturgy; coptic liturgy; east syrian liturgy; ethiopian (ge'ez) liturgy; maronite liturgy; russian liturgy; syrian liturgy; and syro-malabar liturgy. The liturgical families of the West are discussed in latin rite; roman rite; ambrosian rite; bangor use; carmelite rite, carthusian rite; celtic rite; cistercian rite; dominican rite; gallican rite; hereford use; lyonese rite; mozarabic rite; and premonstratensians (rite).

The relations between liturgy and culture are treated in the essay inculturation, liturgical. The principal entry on liturgical art is the nine-part essay liturgical art, while the principal entry on liturgical music is liturgical music, theology and practice of. For a survey of the history of liturgical music, see the 11-part entry, liturgical music, history of. Specific entries on liturgical chant are: ambrosian chant; byzantine chant; gallican chant; gregorian chant; mozarabic chant; and russian chant.

The church building and all its appurtenances are described in church architecture, history of and related articles such as altar in christian liturgy; ambo; baptisteries and baptismal fonts; cornerstone, church; and tabernacle. Liturgical vestments are treated in liturgical vestments; alb; chasuble; cope and humeral veil; dalmatic; fanon; maniple; miter; stole; and surplice. For information on the liturgical vessels, see the general entry liturgical vessels and the specific entries chalice, paten and veil; ciborium; pyx; and reliquaries.

Biographical information on prominent liturgical scholars and theologians are treated under their respective names. For information on international bodies that have contributed significantly in the production of liturgical texts for the English-speaking world, see: consultation on common texts; english language liturgical consultation (ellc); international commission on english in the liturgy (icel); and international consultation on english texts (icet).

[j.y. tan]