Yi?us

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YI?US

YI?US (Heb. ??????, biblical Heb. ???????; "genealogy"), common term for family records, derived from the root ??? ("relationship"). The term is first found in the later books of the Bible, where it means genealogical lists (e.g., i Chron. 9:1, "So all Israel were reckoned by genealogies"). After the return from the Babylonian exile, genealogies were evidently important because those who could not bring evidence of their ancestry, for example, were excluded from the priesthood (Ezra 2:62; Neh. 7:64). The word retained this meaning in the talmudic period where mention is made of a Megillat Yu?asin ("Book of Genealogies"), a commentary on Chronicles whose loss was considered "to have impaired the strength of the sages, and to have dimmed the light of their eyes" (Pes. 62b), where it is related that Simeon b. Azzai said, "I found a book of genealogical records in Jerusalem" (Yev. 49b). The importance of yi?us is revealed in the statement of R. ?ama b. R. ?anina that "When the Holy One, blessed be He, causes His Divine Presence to rest, it is only upon families of pure birth (mishpa?ot meyu?asot) in Israel" (Kid. 70b). There seems, however, to have been some attempt to counter the importance attached to yi?us, as is revealed by such statements as "the learned mamzer takes precedence over the ignorant high priest" (Hor. 3:8). In later Jewish tradition considerable importance was attached to yi?us in the matter of arranging marriages (see Sh. Ar., eh chaps. 2–6). Lists of genealogical records were even printed with the express purpose of tracing the yi?us of particular families. Examples of these are to be found in ?.N. and D. Magid's Mishpa?at Ginsburg (1899); S.Z. Kahana's Anaf E? Avot (Cracow, 1903); and A. Epstein's Mishpa?at Luria (Vienna, 1901). It was considered particularly valuable to be able to trace one's lineage back to King David. In the introduction to Migdanot Eli'ezer (1895), Rabbi E. ?arlap of Poland published a family tree showing his descent from King David.