Kablukov, Ivan Alexsevich

(b. Selo Prussi, Moskovskaya Guberniya, Russia, 2 September 1857; d. Tashkent, U.S.S.R., 5 May 1942)

chemistry.

Kablukov was the son of A. F. Kablukov, a doctor who came from a family of serfs, and E. S. Storozhevaya, who also came from a peasant family. He completed courses at the School of Physics, Mathematics, and sciences of the University of Moscow, where he studied under V. V. Markovnikov. In 1885 he became a privatdocent, and in 1903 he became a professor at the University of Moscow. For many years, beginning in 1899, he conducted a course in inorganic chemistry at the Moscow Agricultural Institute and at the Academy of Trade and Industry (1933–1941). In 1928 he became a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the U.S.S.R. and in 1932 he was elected an honorary member.

The development of physical chemistry in Russia owes much to Kablukov’s work as a scientist and teacher. One of the first to investigate the electrical conductivity of nonaqueous solutions (methyl, ethyl, and isobutyl alcohols) Kablukov discovered the effect of anomalous conductivity, namely, that molecular electroconductivity of ethereal solutions of HCL diminishes with dilution. He is one of the founders of the theory of ionic hydration. In 1891 he reached the conclusion that “water, in disintegrating the molecules of a dissolved substance, enters with the ions into unstable compounds which are in a state of dissociation.” These concepts served as a basis for amalgamation of Mendeleev’s chemical theory of solutions and Arrhenius’ theory of electrolytic dissociation. For many years Kablukov was a close friend of Arrhenius, whose theory he defended and promoted in Russia.

In the field of thermochemistry, Kablukov demosnstrated (1887) that the heats of formation of isomeric organic molecules are dissimilar. Using the results of his thermochemical research as a basis, Kablukov formulated a number of laws on the reaction capacity of organic compounds:

(1) When organic oxides combine with halides, acid halogen joins the most hydrogenated carbon atom and hydroxyl the least hydrogenated.

(2) The heat of combination of bromine with unsaturated hydrocarbons of the ethylene series increases on transition from the lower to the higher homologues.

(3) The substitution in an unsaturated hydrocarbon of one atom of hydrogebn for one of bromine retaerds the combining reaction of bromine.

Kablukov was the author of many study manuas in organic and physical chemistry.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Kablukov’s writings include Giltseriny, illi trekhatomnye spirty i ikh proizvodnye (“Glycerines, or the Triatomic Alcohols and their Derivatives”; Moscow, 1887); “Über die elektrische Leitfähigkeit von Chlorwasserstoff in verschidenen Lösungmittlen,” in Zeitschrift für physikalischeChemie, 4 (1889), 429–434; sovremenny teorii rastvorov (van’t Hoff, Arrhenius) v svzi c ychemiem o khimicheskom ravnovesii (“Moderen Theories of Solutions”; Moscow, 1891); “Sur la chaleur dégagée dans la combinaison du brome avec quelques substance non saturées de al série grasse,” in Journal de chime physique et de physico-chemie biologique, 4 (1906), 489–506, and 5 , nos. 4–5 (1907), 186–202, written with V. F. Luginin; Osnovnye nachala neorganicheskoi knimii (“Fundamentals of Inorganic Chemistry”; Moscow, 1900; 13th ed., 1936); Osnounye nachala fisicheskoi khimii (“Fundamentals of Physical Chemistry”; Moscow, 1900; 2nd ed., 1902, 3rd ed., 1910); and Pravilo faz v primenii k nakyshchennym rastvoram solei (“The phase Rule in Its Application to saturated Salt Solutions”; Leningarad, 1933).

A secondary source is Y. I. Soloviev, M. I. Kablukov, and E. V. Kolesinikov, Ivan Aleksevich Kablukov (Moscow, 1957).

Y. I. Soloviev