chapter seven
RELIGION

TimJ.Davis

Early Latin Christianity in Northern Europe … 302
Religion in Scandinavia and Eastern Europe … 309
The Spread of Islam and its Relationship to Medieval Europe … 311
Medieval Judaism … 314
Early Medieval Christianity in the East … 318
Medieval Liturgy … 321
Cluny and the Monastic Reforms of the Tenth and Eleventh Centuries … 324
Relics, Pilgrimages, and the Peace of God … 326
Growing Church Power and Secular Tensions … 328
The Crusades … 331
The Military Orders … 335
Twelfth- and Thirteenth-Century Monastic Movements … 337
Women Religious … 340
Medieval Education and the Role of the Church … 342
Secular Clergy: Reform and Reaction … 345
Medieval Heresy … 348
Friars … 351
The Laity and Popular Beliefs … 356
Children and Medieval Christianity … 359
Papacy and Politics in the Late Thirteenth and Early Fourteenth Centuries … 360
From Schism to Reform … 363
Famine, the Black Death, and the Afterlife … 366
Mysticism and Modern Devotion … 368

Thomas Becket … 371
Gregory VII … 372
Innocent III … 373
Mechthild of Magdeburg … 374
Marie d'Oignies … 374

SIDEBARS AND PRIMARY DOCUMENTS
Primary sources are listed in italics
Medieval Religion Terms … 304
The Monastic Day … 306
Roles and Occupations in the Latin (Western) Christian Church … 307
The Midrash … 317
A Homily at Hagia Sophia (homily celebrating the gradual return of religious icons) … 319
Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox: Some Modern Differences … 320
Papal Power: The Dictatus Papae (March 1075) (a claim of ultimate power for the papacy, especially power over secular rulers) … 329
A Reconciliation at Canossa (Emperor Henry IV's reconciliation with Pope Gregory VII) … 331
Spiritual Privileges Granted to Crusaders (a call by Pope Eugene III to support and participate in a crusade) … 333
A Critical Look at the Crusades (excerpt from a report given at a council to debate the merits of the crusades) … 334
Clerical Reform: The Legislation of 1059 (Pope Nicholas II attempts to make reforms for ecclesiastical offices) … 346
The Battle over Magna Carta … 347
Three Stories of St. Francis … 353
A Late Medieval Satire on Friars (excerpt from the Prologue to Chaucer's Canterbury Tales) … 355
Unam Sanctam: A Papal Bull (Pope Boniface VIII's response to France's reduced financial support of Rome) … 362
The Call for a General Council (excerpt from a bishop's letter advocating the formation of a council to solve the problems of the Great Schism) … 364