chapter nine
VISUAL ARTS

VéroniqueP.Dayand

MichaelA.Batterman

The Carolingian Restoration of Roman Culture … 424
England and the Vikings … 428
Spanish Culture and the Muslims … 430
Revival of Empire in Germany … 432
The Cult of Saints and The Rise of Pilgrimage … 434
Romanesque Art: An International Phenomenon … 437
Art at the Cultural Frontier in the Twelfth Century … 441
Political Life and the New State … 445
Intellectual Influences on Art in the Later Middle Ages … 450
Art and the Knowledge of Distant Lands … 453
Social Life and the Individual … 455
Spiritual Life and Devotion … 461
Images of Death … 464

Robert Campin … 466
Jean, Duke of Berry … 467
The Limbourg Brothers … 467
Louis IX … 468
Simone Martini … 469

SIDEBARS AND PRIMARY DOCUMENTS
Primary sources are listed in italics
Medieval Art Terms … 424
The Making of an Illuminated Manuscript … 425
Monasticism and the Production of Medieval Art … 427
Byzantine Visual Arts … 432
Pilgrimage to Santiago de Compostela … 435
A Reliquary and a Chalice at St. Alban's (descriptions of the origins and purposes of a reliquary and a chalice) … 436
Bernard of Clairvaux on the Vanity of Sacred Art (excerpt from a critique of the Benedictine Order and their permissive approach to the arts) … 440
Artistic Techniques from Different Lands (excerpt from the introduction to Roger of Helmarshausen's De diversis artibus) … 440
Weaving and Embroidery … 441
Abbot Suger on Altar Decoration (excerpt from Suger's De Administratione detailing his remodeling campaign at Saint-Denis) … 446
Book of Hours … 447
Metalwork and Enamel … 459
Two Decorated Bibles (excerpt from an inventory of Jean, Duke of Berry's possessions) … 460