Heilbrun, Carolyn Gold (1926–2003)
Heilbrun, Carolyn Gold (1926–2003)
American feminist, novelist and literary critic. Name variations: (pseudonym) Amanda Cross. Born Carolyn Gold, Jan 13, 1926, in East Orange, NJ; committed suicide, Oct 9, 2003, in New York, NY; Columbia University, MA, 1951, and PhD, 1959; m. James Heilbrun (economist and professor), 1945; children: 2 daughters, 1 son.
Feminist literary scholar, taught at Columbia (1960–93) and wrote the pioneering studies Toward a Recognition of Androgyny: Aspects of Male and Female Literature (1973), Reinventing Womanhood (1979), and Writing a Woman's Life (1988); also wrote The Garnett Family (1961), Christopher Isherwood (1970), Lady Ottoline's Album (1976), Hamlet's Mother and Other Women (1990), The Education of a Woman: The Life of Gloria Steinem (1995), The Last Gift of Time: Life Beyond Sixty (1997) and When Men Were the Only Models We Had (2002); edited with Nancy K. Miller, Columbia University Press's Gender and Culture series; as Amanda Cross, wrote 10 detective novels around the character Kate Fansler, including In the Last Analysis (1960), The Question of Max (1976), Death in a Tenured Position (1981), and The Players Come Again (1990); was president of the Modern Language Association (1984) and a trustee.