Pinar del Rio (pēnär´ dĕl rē´ō), province (1994 est. pop. 700,000), W Cuba, the westernmost province of Cuba. Pinar del Rio is the capital. The province, occupying a narrow area, has an irregular and swampy coast; it is mostly level, with one important mountain range, the Cordillera de Guaniguanico. The chief river is the Cuyaguateje. The traditional industry of Pinar del Rio, Cuba's poorest province, is the growing of tobacco, which is cultivated in the Vuelta Abajo region and is among the world's best. Other agricultural products are of limited importance; mines at Matahambre yield copper, and tourism is also important to the economy.

Pinar del Rio, city (1994 est. pop. 118,000), capital of Pinar del Rio prov., W Cuba. It is linked by rail and highway to Havana and is the center of a road network running through the province. The city, founded in 1699, is famous for the tobacco grown in the Vuelta Abajo district. Near the city is the picturesque valley of Viñales.