NAICS 423450 - Medical, Dental, and Hospital Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers

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NAICS 423450 - Medical, Dental, and Hospital Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers

GENERAL STATISTICS
Year	Establishments (number)	Employment (number)	Payroll ($ million)	Sales ($ million)	Employees per Establishment (number)	Sales per Establishment ($)	Payroll per Employee ($)
Sources: Economic Census of the United States, 1997 and 2002. Establishment counts, employment, and payroll are from County Business Patterns for non-Census years. This is a newly defined industry. Data for prior years are unavailable at the time of publication but may become available over time. Values followed by a ‘p’ are projections by the editors. Sales data for non-Census years are extrapolations, marked by an ‘e’.
1990	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
1991	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
1992	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
1993	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
1994	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
1995	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
1996	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
1997	9,782	121,572	5,746.2	58,791.7	12.4	6,010,192.2	47,265.8
1998	9,826	124,549	6,358.0	62,984.2 e	12.7	6,409,953.2	51,048.2
1999	9,489	126,334	6,980.1	67,176.7 e	13.3	7,079,428.8	55,251.2
2000	9,287	130,855	7,494.3	71,369.2 e	14.1	7,684,849.8	57,271.8
2001	9,212	139,657	8,228.5	75,561.7 e	15.2	8,202,529.3	58,919.4
2002	7,800	126,288	7,560.9	79,754.2	16.2	10,224,897.4	59,870.3
2003	7,906	134,015	8,830.3	83,946.7 p	17.0	10,618,100.2	65,890.2
2004	8,040	138,081	9,645.5	88,139.2 p	17.2	11,258,094.8 p	69,854.0
2005	8,239	147,349	10,879.4	92,331.7 p	17.9	12,064,406.0 p	73,834.2
2006	7,494 p	144,953 p	10,816.1 p	96,524.2 p	18.8 p	12,870,717.2 p	75,459.0 p
2007	7,224 p	147,528 p	11,385.5 p	100,716.7 p	19.6 p	13,677,028.4 p	78,568.4 p
2008	6,954 p	150,103 p	11,954.8 p	104,909.2 p	20.3 p	14,483,339.5 p	81,677.9 p
2009	6,685 p	152,678 p	12,524.2 p	109,101.7 p	21.1 p	15,289,650.7 p	84,787.3 p
2010	6,415 p	155,253 p	13,093.6 p	113,294.2 p	21.8 p	16,095,961.9 p	87,896.8 p

INDICES OF CHANGE
Year	Establishments (number)	Employment (number)	Payroll ($ million)	Sales ($ million)	Employees per Establishment (number)	Sales per Establishment ($)	Payroll per Employee ($)
Sources: Same as General Statistics. The values shown reflect change from the base year, 2002. Values above 100 mean greater than 2002, values below 100 mean less than 2002, and a value of 100 in the 1990-2001 or 2003-2010 period means same as 2002. Values followed by a ‘p’ are projections by the editors; ‘e’ stands for extrapolation. Data are the most recent available at this level of detail.
1990	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
1992	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
1997	125.4	96.3	76.0	73.7	76.5	58.8	78.9
1998	126.0	98.6	84.1	79.0 e	78.4	62.7	85.3
1999	121.7	100.0	92.3	84.2 e	82.1	69.2	92.3
2000	119.1	103.6	99.1	89.5 e	87.0	75.2	95.7
2001	118.1	110.6	108.8	94.7 e	93.8	80.2	98.4
2002	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
2003	101.4	106.1	116.8	105.3 p	104.9	103.8	110.1
2004	103.1	109.3	127.6	110.5 p	106.2	110.1 p	116.7
2005	105.6	116.7	143.9	115.8 p	110.5	118.0 p	123.3
2006	96.1 p	114.8 p	143.1 p	121.0 p	116.0 p	125.9 p	126.0 p
2007	92.6 p	116.8 p	150.6 p	126.3 p	121.0 p	133.8 p	131.2 p
2008	89.2 p	118.9 p	158.1 p	131.5 p	125.3 p	141.6 p	136.4 p
2009	85.7 p	120.9 p	165.6 p	136.8 p	130.2 p	149.5 p	141.6 p
2010	82.2 p	122.9 p	173.2 p	142.1 p	134.6 p	157.4 p	146.8 p

SELECTED RATIOS
For 2002	Avg. of All Wholesale	Analyzed Industry	Index	For 2002	Avg. of All Wholesale	Analyzed Industry	Index
Sources: Same as General Statistics. The ‘Average of All’ column, Wholesale or Retail, represents the average of the sector reported for the most recent complete year available. The Index shows the relationship between the Average and the Analyzed Industry. For example, 100 means that they are equal; 500 that the Analyzed Industry is five times the average; 50 means that the Analyzed Industry is half the national average. The abbreviation ‘na’ is used to show that data are ‘not available’.
Employees per Establishment	15	16	108	Sales per Employee	791,325	631,526	80
Payroll per Establishment	626,122	969,346	155	Sales per Establishment	12,012,387	10,224,897	85
Payroll per Employee	41,161	59,870	145	Expenses per Establishment	na	na	na

LEADING COMPANIES Number shown: 75 Total sales ($ mil): 45,376 Total employment (000): 46.1
Company Name	Address				CEO Name	Phone	Co. Type	Sales ($ mil)	Empl. (000)
Source: Ward's Business Directory of U.S. Private and Public Companies, Volumes 1 and 2, 2007. The company type code used is as follows: P - Public, R - Private, S - Subsidiary, D - Division, J - Joint Venture, A -Affiliate, G - Group. Sales are in millions of dollars, employees are in thousands. An asterisk (*) indicates an estimated sales volume. The symbol < stands for ‘less than’. Company names and addresses are truncated, in some cases, to fit into the available space.
Owens and Minor Inc.	9120 Lockwood	Mechanicsville	VA	23116		804-723-7000	P	6,801	4.8
Henry Schein Inc.	135 Duryea Rd.	Melville	NY	11747	Stanley M Bergman	631-843-5500	P	5,920	12.0
Konica Minolta Photo Imaging	725 Darlington Ave.	Mahwah	NJ	07430		201-574-4000	S	5,374*	0.3
FUJIFILM Medical Systems USA	419 W Ave.	Stamford	CT	06902		203-324-2000	R	5,312*	0.2
Toshiba America Med. Systems	PO Box 2068	Tustin	CA	92781		714-730-5000	R	3,248*	0.1
Patterson Companies Inc.	1031 Mendota Hgts	St. Paul	MN	55120	Scott Anderson	651-686-1600	P	2,789	6.6
W.A. Butler Co.	5600 Blazer Pky.	Dublin	OH	43017	Kevin Vasquez	614-761-9095	R	1,928*	2.5
PSS World Medical Inc.	4345 Southpoint	Jacksonville	FL	32216		904-332-3000	P	1,742	3.3
GF Health Products Inc.	2935 Northeast Pky.	Atlanta	GA	30360	Michael A Joffred		R	1,457*	2.2
GMP Companies Inc.	1 E Broward Blvd.	Fort Lauderdale	FL	33301	Shelley A Hartman	954-745-3510	R	1,307*	<0.1
Bellco Health Corp.	5500 New Horizons	N Amityville	NY	11701	Neil Goldstein	631-789-6300	R	1,215*	0.2
Omron Healthcare Inc.	1200 Lakeside Dr.	Deerfield	IL	60015		847-680-6200	R	872*	0.1
Darby Group Companies Inc.	300 Jericho Quadrnl	Jericho	NY	11753	Carl Ashkin	516-683-1800	R	670*	1.4
Animal Health International	7 Village Cir.	Westlake	TX	76262	James C Robinson	817-859-3000	P	630	0.9
FLA Orthopedics Inc.	2881 Corporate Way	Miramar	FL	33025	E Slautterback	954-704-4484	R	370*	0.1
DMS Holdings Inc.	1931 Norman Dr. S	Waukegan	IL	60085	Michael Mazza	847-680-6811	R	257*	0.1
InnoMed Technologies Inc.	23257 State Road 7	Boca Raton	FL	33428	R Patrick Karem	561-558-0129	R	244*	0.3
Smith and Nephew Inc.	1450 E Brooks Rd.	Memphis	TN	38116	Davin Illingsworth	901-396-2121	R	235*	0.1
Griswold Machine & Engineering	PO Box 98	Union City	MI	49094	Don Sepeta	517-741-4471	R	231*	0.1
Midwest Veterinary Supply Inc.	11965 Larc Ind.	Burnsville	MN	55337	Guy Flickinger	952-894-4350	R	216*	0.3
Mp Biomedicals L.L.C.	15 Morgan	Irvine	CA	92618		949-833-2500	R	214*	0.4
Pegler-Sysco Food Services Co.	1700 Center Park Rd	Lincoln	NE	68512	Gary L Rezac	402-423-1031	S	193*	0.5
Basic Amer. Medical Products	PO Box 907	Fond du Lac	WI	54937	Beatrice Scherer		S	186*	0.3
Avid Medical Inc.	9000 Westmont Dr.	Toano	VA	23168	Michael Sahady	757-566-3510	R	182*	0.4
Medela Inc.	PO Box 660	McHenry	IL	60051	Carr Quackenbush	815-363-1166	R	154*	0.3
Hitachi Medical Systems Amer.	1959 Summit Comm	Twinsburg	OH	44087	Donald Broomfield	330-425-1313	S	142	0.2
Moore Medical L.L.C.	PO Box 1500	New Britain	CT	06050	John Hammergren		S	139*	0.3
Patterson Dental Supply Inc.	1031 Mendota Hgts	St. Paul	MN	55120	Peter L Frechette	651-686-1600	S	134*	0.3
Biosound Esaote Inc.	8000 Castleway Dr.	Indianapolis	IN	46250	Claudio Bertolini		S	130*	0.2
Medical Plus Supplies Inc.	13529 S Post Oak	Houston	TX	77045	Esteban Rodriguez	713-440-6700	R	128*	0.3
Accumed Technologies Inc.	150 Bud Mil Dr.	Buffalo	NY	14206	T Blaszczykiewicz	716-853-1800	R	116*	0.2
American Product Distributors	8350 Arrowridge	Charlotte	NC	28273	Don Black	704-522-9411	R	115*	<0.1
Chindex International Inc.	7201 Wisconsin	Bethesda	MD	20814	Roberta Lipson	301-215-7777	P	106	1.0
Alatech Health Care L.L.C.	1600 State Docks Rd	Eufaula	AL	36027		334-688-8520	R	103*	0.2
Sarstedt Inc.	PO Box 468	Newton	NC	28658		828-465-4000	R	103*	0.2
Richard Wolf Med. Instruments	353 Corporate Wds	Vernon Hills	IL	60061		847-913-1113	R	90*	0.2
Sage Products Inc.	3909 Three Oaks Rd.	Cary	IL	60013	Scott Brown	815-455-4700	R	86*	0.5
Hotel Superstore	PO Box 757	Mascotte	FL	34753	Arthur Reiss	561-371-2661	R	85*	0.3
Roho Group Inc.	PO Box 658	Belleville	IL	62222	Robert Graebe	618-277-9150	R	84*	0.2
Northstar Neuroscience Inc.	2401 4th Ave., 300	Seattle	WA	98121	John S Bowers Jr	206-728-1477	P	84	<0.1
Medical Specialties Distrib.	800 Technology Ctr.	Stoughton	MA	02072		781-344-6000	R	80*	0.2
Sysmex America Inc.	1 Nelson C White	Mundelein	IL	60060	John Kershaw	847-996-4500	R	79*	0.1
Fox Pool of Lancaster Inc.	PO Box 549	York	PA	17405	Robert Seitz	717-764-8581	R	79*	<0.1
Phadia US Inc.	4169 Commercial	Portage	MI	49002	Michael Land	269-492-1976	R	77*	0.2
Nds Surgical Imaging L.L.C.	5750 Hellyer Ave.	San Jose	CA	95138		408-776-0085	R	72*	0.1
Nyer Medical Group Inc.	1292 Hammond St.	Bangor	ME	04401	Samuel Nyer	207-942-5273	P	70	0.3
Flents Products Company Inc.	5401 S Graham Rd.	St. Charles	MI	48655	Meredith Birrittella	989-865-8221	R	69*	0.1
ivpcare Inc.	7164 Technology	Frisco	TX	75034	Rebecca M Shanahan	214-387-3500	R	68*	0.1
Grogan's Healthcare Supply	1016 S Broadway	Lexington	KY	40508	Alan Grogan	859-254-6661	R	67*	0.1
American Hearing Systems Inc.	161 Cheshire Ln. N	Minneapolis	MN	55441	Carsten Buhl	763-404-1122	R	67*	0.1
ATD-American Co.	135 Greenwood	Wyncote	PA	19095	Janet Wischnia	215-576-1380	R	65*	0.1
Irvine Scientific Sales Co.	2511 Daimler St.	Santa Ana	CA	92705	Michael Kelly	949-261-7800	R	65*	<0.1
Spectranetics Corp.	96 Talamine Ct.	Colorado Spgs	CO	80907	Emile J Geisenheimer	719-633-8333	P	64	0.3
Peter Brasseler Holdings L.P.	1 Brasseler Blvd.	Savannah	GA	31419		912-925-8525	R	63*	0.2
MMS, A Medical Supply Co.	13400 Lakefront Dr.	Earth City	MO	63045	Gary Reeve	314-291-2900	R	62*	0.2
JB Dental Supply Company Inc.	17000 Kingsview	Carson	CA	90746	Joseph Berman	310-525-3000	R	62*	0.1
Nexgen Pharma Inc.	46 Corporate Park	Irvine	CA	92606	Steve R Brown	949-863-0340	R	60	0.2
Mabis Healthcare Inc.	1931 Norman Dr.	Waukegan	IL	60085	Mike Mazza	847-680-6811	R	57*	<0.1
Oncura Inc.	3350 N Ridge Ave.	Arlington Hts	IL	60004	James McGlone	847-398-8400	R	56*	0.1
Kavo Dental Corp.	340 E Route 22	Lake Zurich	IL	60047	John Franz	847-550-6800	R	54*	0.1
Harbor Service Corp.	PO Box 3510	Cherry Hill	NJ	08034		856-435-2000	R	51*	0.1
Hardy Media Inc.	1430 W McCoy Ln.	Santa Maria	CA	93455	Jay Hardy	805-346-2766	R	51*	0.1
Polestar Labs Inc.	955 S Andreasen Dr.	Escondido	CA	92029	Michael Dunaway	760-480-2600	R	51*	0.1
St Elizabeth Home Medical Eqpt	PO Box 30550	Lincoln	NE	68503	Robert Lanik	402-464-8755	R	51*	<0.1
Laboratory Supply Company Inc.	250 Ottawa Ave.	Louisville	KY	40209	Charles E Davis	502-363-1891	R	46*	0.2
Clinical Specialties Inc.	6955 Treeline Dr.	Brecksville	OH	44141	Edward Rivalsky	440-717-1700	R	45*	<0.1
Medikmark Inc.	3600 Burwood Dr.	Waukegan	IL	60085	James Ronk	847-887-8400	R	43*	<0.1
Associated Medical	2901 Southampton	Philadelphia	PA	19154	Phyllis Forman	215-677-0589	R	42*	<0.1
Soule Co.	4322 Pet Ln.	Lutz	FL	33559	Jerry Flatt	813-907-6000	R	42*	<0.1
Best Lab Deals Inc.	1000 Management	Garner	NC	27529	Vance Moore	919-661-8030	R	41*	<0.1
Permobil Inc.	6961 Eastgate Blvd.	Lebanon	TN	37090	Larry Jackson	615-547-1889	R	40*	<0.1
CIS-US Inc.	10 Deangelo Dr.	Bedford	MA	01730	Glenn Alto	781-275-7120	R	38*	<0.1
H Enterprises International	120 S 6th St., 2300	Minneapolis	MN	55402	John Byrne	612-340-8849	R	38*	0.1
Tutogen Medical Inc.	13709 Progress Blvd	Alachua	FL	32615	Roy D Crowninshield	386-462-0402	P	38	0.2
Oticon Inc.	PO Box 6724	Somerset	NJ	08875	Mikael Worning	732-560-1220	R	38*	0.1

OCCUPATIONS EMPLOYED BY PROFESSIONAL & COMMERCIAL EQUIPMENT & SUPPLIES
Occupation	% of Total 2006	Change to 2016	Occupation	% of Total 2006	Change to 2016
Source: Industry-Occupation Matrix, Bureau of Labor Statistics, December 4, 2007. These data are reported based on 4-digit NAICS categories but have been matched to corresponding 6-digit NAICS industry codes. The change reported for each occupation to the year 2016 is a percent of growth or decline as estimated by the Bureau of Labor Statistics. The abbreviation nec stands for ‘not elsewhere classified’.
Sales representatives, wholesale & manufacturing, tech	8.9	16.6	First-line supervisors/managers of non-retail sales work	1.6	11.3
Sales reps, wholesale & manufacturing, exc tech	8.7	16.6	First-line supervisors/managers of office workers	1.6	8.5
Computer, automated teller, & office machine repairers	7.4	13.5	Truck drivers, light or delivery services	1.6	16.6
Customer service representatives	4.6	28.2	Team assemblers	1.4	16.6
Computer systems analysts	2.8	28.2	Order clerks	1.3	-24.2
Office clerks, general	2.7	14.8	Business operation specialists, nec	1.3	28.2
Laborers & freight, stock, & material movers, hand	2.7	4.9	Sales managers	1.2	16.6
Shipping, receiving, & traffic clerks	2.7	12.2	Medical equipment repairers	1.2	35.5
Computer support specialists	2.2	4.9	Accountants & auditors	1.1	16.6
Bookkeeping, accounting, & auditing clerks	2.0	16.6	Executive secretaries & administrative assistants	1.1	16.6
General & operations managers	2.0	4.9	Computer & information systems managers	1.1	16.6
Computer programmers	1.9	-6.8	Billing & posting clerks & machine operators	1.1	4.9
Computer software engineers, systems software	1.9	28.2	Secretaries, exc legal, medical, & executive	1.1	3.7
Computer software engineers, applications	1.9	39.9	Sales engineers	1.0	16.6
Stock clerks & order fillers	1.6	-2.5	Management analysts	1.0	16.6

INDUSTRY DATA BY STATE
State	Establishments		Employment			Payroll		Sales
State	Total (number)	% of U.S.	Total (number)	% of U.S.	Per Estab.	Total ($ mil.)	Per Empl. ($)	Total ($ mil.)	% of U.S.	Per Estab. ($)
State	(number)	U.S.	(number)	U.S.	Estab.	($ mil.)	($)	($ mil.)	U.S.	Estab. ($)
California	1,060	13.5	20,131	15.7	19	1,284.9	63,828	10,534.3	13.1	9,938,008
Illinois	370	4.7	9,719	7.6	26	590.9	60,797	8,269.2	10.3	22,349,297
Minnesota	168	2.1	6,810	5.3	41	847.0	124,379	7,399.1	9.2	44,042,089
New York	572	7.3	10,717	8.4	19	617.7	57,638	5,690.2	7.1	9,947,983
New Jersey	316	4.0	6,575	5.1	21	436.4	66,372	4,877.9	6.1	15,436,481
Florida	870	11.1	8,494	6.6	10	405.2	47,698	4,681.1	5.8	5,380,571
Massachusetts	203	2.6	5,595	4.4	28	350.3	62,602	3,744.9	4.7	18,447,906
Texas	552	7.0	5,743	4.5	10	278.0	48,410	3,636.6	4.5	6,588,076
Georgia	235	3.0	4,241	3.3	18	239.9	56,573	3,375.5	4.2	14,363,787
Pennsylvania	300	3.8	4,611	3.6	15	271.9	58,978	3,255.1	4.0	10,850,487
Tennessee	163	2.1	3,614	2.8	22	250.9	69,412	2,622.4	3.3	16,088,196
Ohio	304	3.9	4,967	3.9	16	251.9	50,707	2,527.9	3.1	8,315,349
North Carolina	191	2.4	3,362	2.6	18	184.4	54,858	2,307.4	2.9	12,080,372
Michigan	210	2.7	3,701	2.9	18	227.9	61,577	1,959.6	2.4	9,331,310
Indiana	130	1.7	2,162	1.7	17	142.1	65,728	1,654.8	2.1	12,729,392
Connecticut	93	1.2	1,600	1.3	17	98.4	61,479	1,495.7	1.9	16,082,624
Maryland	144	1.8	2,427	1.9	17	133.4	54,965	1,477.8	1.8	10,262,326
Missouri	164	2.1	2,141	1.7	13	115.1	53,771	1,106.9	1.4	6,749,274
Washington	146	1.9	1,992	1.6	14	110.2	55,336	1,034.1	1.3	7,082,644
Louisiana	110	1.4	1,260	1.0	11	57.3	45,485	705.8	0.9	6,415,973
Wisconsin	100	1.3	1,910	1.5	19	96.2	50,340	692.0	0.9	6,920,240
South Carolina	73	0.9	1,195	0.9	16	64.1	53,616	672.0	0.8	9,205,699
Virginia	124	1.6	1,365	1.1	11	70.9	51,976	629.0	0.8	5,072,847
Oklahoma	101	1.3	873	0.7	9	45.8	52,514	473.1	0.6	4,683,782
Nevada	55	0.7	621	0.5	11	30.1	48,496	439.3	0.5	7,987,473
Oregon	69	0.9	644	0.5	9	42.1	65,307	400.3	0.5	5,802,159

INDUSTRY DATA BY STATE - Continued
State	Establishments		Employment			Payroll		Sales
State	Total (number)	% of U.S.	Total (number)	% of U.S.	Per Estab.	Total ($ mil.)	Per Empl. ($)	Total ($ mil.)	% of U.S.	Per Estab. ($)
Source: 2002 Economic Census. The states are in descending order of sales or establishments (if sales data are missing for the majority). The symbol (D) appears when data are withheld to prevent disclosure of competitive information. States marked with (D) are sorted by number of establishments. A dash (-) indicates that the data element cannot be calculated. Shaded states on the state map indicate those states which have a proportionately greater representation in the industry than would be indicated by the state's population; the ratio is based on total sales or number of establishments. Shaded regions indicate where the industry is regionally most concentrated.
Alabama	82	1.0	801	0.6	10	36.4	45,478	393.6	0.5	4,799,390
Kentucky	72	0.9	806	0.6	11	33.0	40,897	365.0	0.5	5,070,097
Nebraska	47	0.6	703	0.5	15	30.5	43,356	290.4	0.4	6,177,681
Kansas	73	0.9	660	0.5	9	30.3	45,942	279.4	0.3	3,826,808
Utah	71	0.9	1,146	0.9	16	32.0	27,884	260.2	0.3	3,665,282
Mississippi	34	0.4	393	0.3	12	15.3	38,850	153.0	0.2	4,501,324
Iowa	32	0.4	335	0.3	10	12.4	37,158	142.8	0.2	4,463,250
Arkansas	52	0.7	451	0.4	9	15.2	33,752	129.3	0.2	2,486,288
West Virginia	24	0.3	332	0.3	14	11.5	34,642	127.8	0.2	5,324,625
New Hampshire	32	0.4	282	0.2	9	11.5	40,670	109.2	0.1	3,411,781
Hawaii	30	0.4	239	0.2	8	10.7	44,657	103.5	0.1	3,450,300
Maine	19	0.2	282	0.2	15	13.3	47,323	93.7	0.1	4,932,421
New Mexico	40	0.5	234	0.2	6	10.4	44,513	71.9	0.1	1,798,100
Idaho	24	0.3	209	0.2	9	8.8	42,306	67.1	0.1	2,794,417
North Dakota	12	0.2	185	0.1	15	10.7	57,870	64.0	0.1	5,335,333
Montana	12	0.2	94	0.1	8	3.2	34,170	20.0	-	1,665,083
Vermont	9	0.1	52	-	6	2.4	45,269	15.3	-	1,696,556
South Dakota	13	0.2	38	-	3	2.3	61,500	9.9	-	757,846
Alaska	5	0.1	23	-	5	1.0	44,174	8.7	-	1,743,600
Wyoming	4	0.1	23	-	6	0.9	39,696	3.4	-	841,250
Arizona	156	2.0	1000-2499	-	-	(D)	-	(D)	-	-
Colorado	141	1.8	1000-2499	-	-	(D)	-	(D)	-	-
Rhode Island	23	0.3	100-249	-	-	(D)	-	(D)	-	-
Delaware	16	0.2	20-99	-	-	(D)	-	(D)	-	-
D.C.	5	0.1	20-99	-	-	(D)	-	(D)	-	-